硼烷
硼烷又称硼氢化合物，是由硼和氢两种元素形成的一系列化合物的总称。简单的硼烷通常是无色且具有难闻臭味的剧毒物质，在空气中极易自燃，生成氧化硼。
随着硼原子数的增加，硼烷的状态从气态（如乙硼烷）逐渐转变为液态（如戊硼烷），最终变成固态（如癸硼烷）。截至目前，人们已经制备出20多种硼烷。这些化合物分为两类，其通式分别为：BnHR+4 (n≥2)，例如乙硼烷（B2H6）、戊硼烷-9 （B5H9）和十六硼烷（B16H20）；以及 BnHR+6 (n≥3)，如丙硼烷（B3H9）、戊硼烷-11（B5H11）和壬硼烷（B9H15）。几乎所有硼烷都具有难闻的臭味。低级硼烷在空气中非常活泼，容易自燃、水解、卤化或胺化。
乙硼烷是用量最多且最重要的硼烷，工业上通过三氟化硼与氢化锂在乙醚中反应制得。其他硼烷可通过乙硼烷在不同温度下的热分解获得。由于其燃烧时释放大量热量，硼烷可用作火箭和导弹的高能燃料。此外，它还可用于金属或陶瓷零件处理、橡胶交联以及有机物硼氢化反应中的还原剂。
尽管硼烷用途广泛且重要，但它们具有剧毒性。吸入乙硼烷可能损害肺部，而癸硼烷可能导致心脏功能衰退；高级硼烷则可能对中枢神经系统、肝脏和肾脏造成损害。因此，在使用时必须格外小心。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-二乙基吡啶硼烷 | diethyl(4-pyridyl)borane | 93830-58-1 | C9H14BN |
|
| 4-(二乙氨基)苯基硼酸频哪醇酯 | N,N-diethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline | 920304-57-0 | C16H26BNO2 |
|
| 4-(5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂己硼烷-2-基)苯甲醛 | 5,5-dimethyl-2-(4-formylphenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborinane | 128376-65-8 | C12H15BO3 |
|
| 4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)氯苯 | 4-chlorophenylboronic acid pinacol ester | 195062-61-4 | C12H16BClO2 |
|
| 4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)氟苯 | 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 214360-58-4 | C12H16BFO2 |
|
| 4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1-三苯甲游基-1H-吡唑 | 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-trityl-1H-pyrazole | 863238-73-7 | C28H29BN2O2 |
|
| 4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑-1-乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate | 959585-44-5 | C12H19BN2O4 |
|
| 4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑-1-乙酸 | 1-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-boronic acid pinacol ester | 1083326-41-3 | C11H17BN2O4 |
|
| 4,7-双(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂戊硼烷-2-基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑 | 4,7-bis-pinacolato-diborane-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole | 934365-16-9 | C18H26B2N2O4S |
|
| 4,4,6-三甲基-2-苯基-1,3,2-二氧硼烷 | 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane | 15961-35-0 | C12H17BO2 |
|
| 4,4,6-三甲基-2-乙烯基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷 | 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-vinyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane | 4627-10-5 | C8H15BO2 |
|
| 4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-(螺[2.5]-5-辛烯-6-基)-1,3,2-二噁硼烷 | 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(spiro[2.5]oct-5-en-6-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 859219-46-8 | C14H23BO2 |
|
| 4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-(3,3,5,5-四甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-1,3,2-二噁硼烷 | 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 859217-85-9 | C16H29BO2 |
|
| 3-硝基苯硼酸L-酒石酸酯 | 2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-(4R,5R)-dicarboxylic acid | 467443-01-2 | C10H8BNO8 |
|
| 3-甲基苯硼酸频呐醇酯 | 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-m-tolyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 253342-48-2 | C13H19BO2 |
|
| 3-丙烯酰胺基苯硼酸频呐醇酯 | N-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acrylamide | 874363-18-5 | C15H20BNO3 |
|
| 3-(异丙氧基羰基)苯硼酸 | 3-isopropoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid | 342002-80-6 | C10H13BO4 |
|
| 3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)丙腈 | 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)propanenitrile | 238088-31-8 | C9H16BNO2 |
|
| 3,5-二甲基苯硼酸频哪醇酯 | 2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 325142-93-6 | C14H21BO2 |
|
| 3,3-二甲基苯并[C][1,2]氧杂戊硼烷-1(3H)-醇 | 3,3-dimethylbenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol | 221352-10-9 | C9H11BO2 |
|
| 2-苯基-1-乙炔硼酸频那醇酯 | 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-phenylethynyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane | 159087-45-3 | C14H17BO2 |
|
| 2-苄基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷 | pinacol benzylboronate | 87100-28-5 | C13H19BO2 |
|
| 2-甲氧基-3-氟吡啶-5-硼酸�鼓拇减� | 3-fluoro-2-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine | 1310384-35-0 | C12H17BFNO3 |
|
| 2-甲基吡啶硼烷复合物 | 2.6-(CH3)2C5H3N*BH3 | 3999-42-6 | C7H12BN |
|
| 2-甲基-3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate | 955929-54-1 | C15H21BO4 |
|
| 2-氯-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼烷)吡啶 | 2-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine | 444120-94-9 | C11H15BClNO2 |
|
| 2-氯-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)苯甲腈 | 2-chloro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzonitrile | 548797-51-9 | C13H15BClNO2 |
|
| 2-乙炔-4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二噁硼烷 | 2-ethynyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane | 347389-74-6 | C8H13BO2 |
|
| 2-乙氧基-4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2,-二羟硼 | 2-ethoxy-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane | 52386-21-7 | C8H17BO3 |
|
| 2-丙二烯基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷 | 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(propa-1,2-dien-1-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 865350-17-0 | C9H15BO2 |
|
| 2-丁基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼酸 | pinacol butylboronate | 69190-62-1 | C10H21BO2 |
|
| 2-(氯甲基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷 | 2-(chloromethyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 83622-42-8 | C7H14BClO2 |
|
| 2-(噻吩-3-基)-2,3-二氢苯并[D][1,3,2]二氮杂硼硼烷-4(1H)-酮 | 2-(thiophen-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]diazaborinin-4(1H)-one | 1296939-24-6 | C11H9BN2OS |
|
| 2-(4-羧苯基)-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷 | 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborinane | 126747-13-5 | C10H11BO4 |
|
| 2-(4-溴丁基)-1,3,2-苯并二氧杂戊硼烷 | 4-bromo-1-butylboronic acid catechol ester | 142172-51-8 | C10H12BBrO2 |
|
| 2-(4-(二氟甲氧基)-2,3-二氟苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼烷 | 2-(4-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 1628442-57-8 | C13H15BF4O3 |
|
| 2-(3-氯苄基)-4,4, 5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷 | 2-(3-chlorobenzyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 517920-59-1 | C13H18BClO2 |
|
| 2-(2-碘苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧环戊硼烷 | 2-(2-iodophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 857934-82-8 | C12H16BIO2 |
|
| 2-(2-溴苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷 | 2-(2-bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 269410-06-2 | C12H16BBrO2 |
|
| 2-(2-(4-溴)丙-1-烯-1-基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷 | (E)-2-(2-(4-bromophenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 1398771-27-1 | C15H20BBrO2 |
|
| 1H-吲唑-4-硼酸频哪醇酯 | 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole | 885618-33-7 | C13H17BN2O2 |
|
| 1-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂戊硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑 | 1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole | 761446-44-0 | C10H17BN2O2 |
|
| 1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑 | 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole | 847818-71-7 | C12H21BN2O3 |
|
| 1,7-卡巴多司癸硼烷(12)-1,7-二甲醇 | 1,7-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-M-carborane | 23924-78-9 | C4H6B10O2 |
|
| (二甲基苯硅烷基)硼酸频那醇酯 | dimethylphenyl(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)silane | 185990-03-8 | C14H23BO2Si |
|
| (S)-异松蒎基硼烷四甲基乙二胺络合物 | 68297-74-5 | C26H50B2N2 |
|
|
| (S)-2-苯基-CBS-恶唑硼烷 | (S)-2,5,5-triphenyl-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]-[1,3,2]oxazaborolidine | 131180-90-0 | C23H22BNO |
|
| (S)-2-甲基-CBS-恶唑硼烷 | (S)-1-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxazaborole | 112022-81-8 | C18H20BNO |
|
| (S)-2-(O-甲基)苯-CBS-恶唑硼烷 | tri-otolylboroxine | 463941-07-3 | C24H24BNO |
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| (R)-2-苯基-CBS-恶唑硼烷 | (R)-tetrahydro-1,3,3-triphenyl-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxazaborole | 145238-45-5 | C23H22BNO |
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