Reactions of 1,?-bis(2-bromopyridinium)alkanes with hydroxide ion in aqueous solutions
摘要:
The reaction of OH- ion with 1,omega-bis(2-bromopyridinium)alkanes, where the reaction centers are separated by a varying number of methylene groups, was investigated to model the increased velocity of OH- attack on premicellar aggregated N-alkylpyridinium compounds. 1,omega-Bis(2-bromopyridinium)alkanes (RPBr) [R = propane (I), butane (II), pentane (III), hexane (IV) and octane (V)] were synthesized and characterized by standard procedures. The kinetics of I-V with OH- ion fitted two consecutive first-order reactions. The intermediate products, 1-(2-pyridone)-omega-(2-bromopyridinium)alkane, and also the final products 1,omega-bis(2-pyridone)alkanes, were isolated. Deuterium isotope effects, activation parameters and salt effects on the reaction rates suggest that OH- attack is rate limiting and there is a through-space acceleration of the initial attack due to the proximity of the positive charges. These results place an upper limit of 20-fold for the electrostatic acceleration in OH- attack in premicellar aggregates. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alberti, Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1956, vol. 86, p. 1195,1208
作者:Alberti
DOI:——
日期:——
US3951940A
申请人:——
公开号:US3951940A
公开(公告)日:1976-04-20
[EN] PYRIDINONES USEFUL AS ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC AGENTS
申请人:THE UPJOHN COMPANY
公开号:WO1991009848A1
公开(公告)日:1991-07-11
(EN) The present invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I), and a method of using these compounds in mammals as therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis and related diseases. In the said formula, R1 includes substituted pyridinones, pyridinyloxy, benzoxazoles, and benzoxazolin-2-thiones; and cis-CH=CHCH2OC(O)O(C1-C4)alkyl, -(CH2)nCH(OH)CH2O-phenyl-CO2R3, and -(CH2)nC(=O)CH2O-phenyl-CO2R3.(FR) La présente invention concerne de nouveaux composés de la formule (I), ainsi qu'un procédé d'utilisation de ces composés chez les mammifères comme agents thérapeutiques pour la prévention ou le traitement de l'athérosclérose et des maladies associées. Dans ladite formule, R1 comprend les substances suivantes: pyridinones, pyridinyloxy, benzoxazoles et benzoxazolin-2-thiones substitués; et cis-CH=CHCH2OC(O)O(C1-C4)alkyle, -(CH2)nCH(OH)CH2O-phényle-CO2R3, et -(CH2)nC(=O)CH2O-phényle-CO2R3.