作者:Dustin Tate Yeatman、Katrina Reid
DOI:10.1093/jat/27.1.40
日期:2003.1.1
In recent years, the use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), as a recreational drug has prompted forensic toxicology laboratories to incorporate the analysis for GHB into their routine screening procedures. GHB, being a natural occurring constituent of the human body, presents a challenge for forensic toxicologists in that endogenous levels and exogenous levels of GHB need to be differentiated in case samples. This study was designed to determine typical urinary endogenous levels of GHB in humans based on the analysis of urine samples voluntarily provided by 55 male and female subjects ranging in age from 6 to 59 years. All samples were initially screened for the presence of GHB utilizing a hydrolysis method designed to quantitatively convert the GHB in urine samples to gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) followed by the liquid-liquid extraction and analysis of any GBL present by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). As a confirmation test, samples were then extracted by a solid-phase extraction technique, derivatized to GHB di-TMS, and analyzed by GC-MS. The median concentration determined for the 55 subjects was 1.3 mg/mL (mean = 1.65 µg/mL, range 0.9 µg/mL to 3.5 µg/mL, standard deviation 0.68 µg/mL). The results of this study confirm the previously suggested cutoff of 10 µg/mL for routine forensic analyses.
近年来,γ-羟基丁酸 (GHB) 作为一种娱乐性药物的使用促使法医毒理学实验室将 GHB 分析纳入其常规筛查程序。 GHB 作为人体的天然成分,对法医毒理学家提出了挑战,因为需要区分病例样本中 GHB 的内源水平和外源水平。本研究旨在通过对 55 名年龄从 6 岁到 59 岁的男性和女性受试者自愿提供的尿液样本进行分析,确定人类尿液中 GHB 的典型水平。所有样品最初都使用水解方法筛选 GHB 的存在,该水解方法旨在将尿液样品中的 GHB 定量转化为γ-丁内酯 (GBL),然后通过气相色谱-质谱法对存在的任何 GBL 进行液-液萃取和分析。气相色谱-质谱法)。作为确认测试,随后通过固相萃取技术提取样品,衍生化为 GHB di-TMS,并通过 GC-MS 进行分析。 55 名受试者的中位浓度为 1.3 mg/mL(平均值 = 1.65 µg/mL,范围 0.9 µg/mL 至 3.5 µg/mL,标准差 0.68 µg/mL)。这项研究的结果证实了之前建议的常规法医分析的临界值 10 µg/mL。