Facilitated Transport of Hydrophilic Salts by Mixtures of Anion and Cation Carriers and by Ditopic Carriers
摘要:
Anion transfer to the membrane phase affects the extraction efficiency of salt transport by cation carriers 1 and 3. Addition of anion receptors 5 or 6 to cation carriers 1, 3, or 3 in the membrane phase enhances the transport of salts under conditions in which the cation carriers alone do not transport salt. The extraction of salt by the carrier mixtures is larger than by cation or anion carrier only, but the rate of diffusion is lower. Ditopic receptors 8 and 9 transport CsCl or KCl much faster than monotopic anion receptor 7 or cation receptors 1 and 2. The faster transport is due to a higher extraction constant K-ex despite a lower diffusion constant of the ditopic salt complex.
Facilitated Transport of Hydrophilic Salts by Mixtures of Anion and Cation Carriers and by Ditopic Carriers
摘要:
Anion transfer to the membrane phase affects the extraction efficiency of salt transport by cation carriers 1 and 3. Addition of anion receptors 5 or 6 to cation carriers 1, 3, or 3 in the membrane phase enhances the transport of salts under conditions in which the cation carriers alone do not transport salt. The extraction of salt by the carrier mixtures is larger than by cation or anion carrier only, but the rate of diffusion is lower. Ditopic receptors 8 and 9 transport CsCl or KCl much faster than monotopic anion receptor 7 or cation receptors 1 and 2. The faster transport is due to a higher extraction constant K-ex despite a lower diffusion constant of the ditopic salt complex.
with primary benzensulfonamides demonstrated their ability of inhibiting humanCarbonicAnhydrases with significant efficiency and selectivity among different isoforms of the enzymes. A mode of binding where the benzensulfonamide arm penetrates into the funnel of the enzyme active site and interacts with the protein Zn2+ ion is supported by X-ray diffraction data and MD calculations.
The reactivity of CO2 with polyamino substrates based on calix[4]arenes and on a difunctional, noncyclic model has been studied. All the compounds react with CO2 in chloroform to form ammonium carb innate salts. However, the number, topology, and conformational features of the amino-functionalized arms present on the multivalent scaffold have a remarkable influence on the reaction efficiency and on the product composition. Tetraaminocalix[4]arenes 1-3 rapidly and efficiently react with 2 equiv of CO2, yielding highly stable hydrogen-bonded dimers formed by the self-assembly of two bis-ammonium bis-carbamate intramolecular salts. 1,3-Diaminocalix[4]arene 4 absorbs 1 mol of CO2, affording less stable zwitterionic ammonium carbamates. Gemini compound 5 reacts with CO2 in a 1:1 stoichiometry, forming hydrogen. bonded dimers of ammonium carbamate derivatives of moderate stability. For upper rim 1,3-diaminocalix[4]arene 6, in addition to the labile intramolecular salt, the presence of a self-assembled polymer was also detected. These systems were fully characterized in solution by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, whereas the corresponding gas-solid reactions were further investigated by QCM measurements. Interestingly, the high affinity and reversibility of CO2 uptake shown by 1,3-diamino calix[4]arene 4 enabled us to attain a promising QCM device for carbon dioxide sensing.