Charge-Transfer-Induced Photoreduction of Azoalkanes by Amines
作者:Waldemar Adam、Jarugu N. Moorthy、Werner M. Nau、J. C. Scaiano
DOI:10.1021/ja9706460
日期:1997.7.1
aziranes 3. In contrast, the azoalkane 1c undergoes appreciable photoreduction only in neat amines, while the azoalkane 1d (φISC ca. 0.10) is not reduced even under such conditions. Except for N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, the amine oxidation products of the azoalkane photoreduction are analogous to those obtained from the reactions of amines with triplet benzophenone. In marked contrast, the absolute quan
Solvent Effect on Product Distribution in Photochemical Pathways of α C−N versus β C−C Cleavage of n,π* Triplet-Excited Azoalkanes
作者:Waldemar Adam、Jarugu N. Moorthy、Werner M. Nau、J. C. Scaiano
DOI:10.1021/ja963948v
日期:1997.6.1
The product distribution in;the photolysis of the triplet-excited azoalkanes 1a,b depends markedly on the type of solvent used; in contrast, the azoalkanes 1c,d, which undergo efficient deazatization from the singlet-excited state, display solvent-independent photobehavior. Thus, the aziranes 3 are produced essentially exclusively in polar protic solvents, while the housanes 2 predominate in nonpolar ones. The excellent correlation (r(2) = 0.963, seven solvents) of the azirane 3b yield with Gutmann's AN solvent parameter reveals that a combination of solvent properties such as the polarity and polarizability of the medium and the hydrogen-bonding ability is decisive for the photoproduct distribution. That the observed solvent dependence derives from bulk medium effects is borne out by the similar product distribution for the hydroxy-substituted derivative 1f to that for the azoalkane 1b in benzene, i.e., the intramolecular hydroxy functionality in the azoalkane If is ineffective in influencing the photochemistry of the triplet azo chromophore. Selective formation of the aziranes 3 from the triplet-excited azoalkanes 1 in the polar protic solvents is rationalized in terms of solvent stabilization of the more polar transition state for beta cleavage (azirane 3) over that for the alpha scission (housane 2). In marked contrast to the appreciable deuterium isotope effect for quenching of the singlet-excited azoalkanes by protic solvents, the lifetimes (laser-flash photolysis) and reactivity (product analysis) of the triplet azoalkanes are not affected by deuterium substitution.
Photosensitized electron transfer from azoalkanes: generation, fragmentation, and rearrangement of radical cations structurally related to dicyclopentadiene
作者:Waldemar Adam、Juergen Sendelbach
DOI:10.1021/jo00072a008
日期:1993.9
The azoalkanes 1a-c extrude nitrogen upon photosensitized electron transfer (PET) to yield 1,3-radical cation intermediates 2.+, which undergo interesting transformations. Electron back transfer (BET) affords the unrearranged housanes 2, but significant rearrangement to dicyclopentadiene derivatives 3 occurs prior to BET. In some cases, fragmentation to cyclopentadienes 4 is observed, a cycloreversion that occurs at the 1,3-radial cation stage rather than through the corresponding 1,3-biradical intermediates. The diphenyl-substituted azoalkane la affords high yields of the symmetric cyclopentadiene 4a, while the alkyl-substituted lb produces only small amounts of a rearranged cyclopentadiene 4'b. The housanes 2a,b are also oxidized by PET, but are more reluctant to rearrange. Strong electron acceptors such as triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPT) or cosensitization with biphenyl (Ph2) must be utilized to induce rearrangement to 3a,b and fragmentation to 4 and 4'.
Photochemical Denitrogenation of Norbornene-Annelated 2,3-Diazabicyclo[2.1.1]hept-2-ene-Type Azoalkanes: Crystal-Lattice versus Zeolite-Interior Effects
作者:Waldemar Adam、Hermenegildo García、Vicente Martí、Jarugu N. Moorthy、Karl Peters、Eva-Maria Peters
DOI:10.1021/ja994114q
日期:2000.4.1
Adam, Waldemar; Nau, Werner M.; Sendelbach, Jürgen, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1994, vol. 116, # 16, p. 7049 - 7054
作者:Adam, Waldemar、Nau, Werner M.、Sendelbach, Jürgen