Subtly Modulating Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 β: Allosteric Inhibitor Development and Their Potential for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases
摘要:
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 beta) is a central target in several unmet diseases. To increase the specificity of GSK-3 beta inhibitors in chronic treatments, we developed small molecules allowing subtle modulation of GSK-3 beta activity. Design synthesis, structure activity relationships, and binding mode of quinoline-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as allosteric modulators of GSK-3 beta are presented here. Furthermore, we show how allosteric binders may overcome the beta-catenin side effects associated with strong GSK-3 beta inhibition. The therapeutic potential of some of these modulators has been tested in human samples from patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy type 1 (CDM1) and spinal it atrophy (SMA) patients. We found that compound 53 improves delayed myogenesis in CDM1 myoblasts, while compounds 1 and 53 have neuroprotective properties in SMA-derived cells. These findings suggest that the allosteric modulators of GSK-3 beta may be used for future development of drugs for DM1, SMA, and other chronic diseases where GSK-3 beta inhibition exhibits therapeutic effects.
The chemistry of 2<i>H</i>-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4(1<i>H</i>)dione (isatoic anhydrides) 1. The synthesis of<i>N</i>-substituted 2<i>H</i>-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4(1<i>H</i>)diones
作者:Goetz E. Hardtmann、Gabor Koletar、Oskar R. Pfister
DOI:10.1002/jhet.5570120325
日期:1975.6
Three methods for the preparation of N-substituted 2H-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4(1H)diones (isatoicanhydrides) (1) utilizing 2-chloro-, 2-nitrobenzoic acids and N-unsubstituted isatoicanhydrides as starting materials, are described.
三种制备N-取代的2 H -3,1-苯并恶嗪-2,4(1 H)二酮(乙酸酐)的方法(1)使用2-氯-,2-硝基苯甲酸和N-未取代的等角酸酐作为制备方法描述了起始材料。
Lithiated Thiolactams: New Synthesis of Azacycloalka[2,3-<i>b</i>]quinolin-4-ones
作者:Hiroki Takahata、Nahoko Hamada、Takao Yamazaki
DOI:10.1055/s-1986-31646
日期:——
Lithiated enamines, generated from cyclic thioimidates by treatment with lithium diisopropylamide, react with N-alkylisatoic anhydrides to afford azacycloalka[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ones.