Nickel/Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–C(sp<sup>3</sup>) Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Alkyl Tosylates
作者:Kimihiro Komeyama、Takuya Michiyuki、Itaru Osaka
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.9b03352
日期:2019.10.4
The C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupling of alkyl halides with alkyl tosylates has been developed by employing a combination of nickel and nucleophilic cobalt catalysts in the presence of a manganese reductant. This method provides a straightforward route to a diverse set of not only secondary–primary but also primary–primary C(sp3)–C(sp3) linkages under mild conditions without using alkyl-metallic reagents
Compounds having the formula (i), (ii) and (iii), ##STR1## where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, or CO--R.sub.2 where R.sub.2 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons; R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.3, or (CH.sub.2).sub.m --CH.sub.3 ; n is an integer having the values of 2 to 10, m is an integer having the values of 1 to 6, have anti-androgen activity on secondary androgen receptor sites. The compounds are useful for treating mammals, including humans afflicted with acne, male pattern baldness, adhesions and keloids. The compounds are also effective for treating other diseases or conditions which are related to androgen receptors, such as undesirable formation of breast capsules in females after breast augmentation surgery, osteoarthritis and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The compounds also have inhibitory effect on the metabolism of certain microorganisms and fungi of the kind, the metabolism of which is normally known to be controllable by anti-androgen compounds.
The photoredox activation of inert chloroalkanes for the cross-coupling reaction with olefins, with a broad functional group tolerance under mild conditions is presented. By combining UV/Vis spectroscopy, EPR, radical clock and deuterium-labelling experiments, [Ni(Py2Tstacn)]+ is proposed to be catalytically competent to activate the Csp3−Cl bond, forming a free radical, which reacts with the alkene
Anti-androgenic composition compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein Q is CO, CH(OR), CR(OH), or CR (OC)-lower alkyl); R is H, or C.sup.1-2 -alkyl; X is hydroxyalkyl, methoxy-C.sup.2-11 -alkyl, ethoxy-C.sup.2-11 -alkyl or oxo-C.sup.2-11 -alkyl, formyl-C.sup.2-11 -alkyl, carboxy-C.sup.2-11 -alkyl or (C.sub.1-2 -alkyl) oxycarbonyl-C.sup.2-11 -alkyl; c is 1 or 2; p or w are 0, 1 or 2 and the sum of p and w is 1 to 4; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.