Zn-Catalyzed<i>tert</i>-Butyl Nicotinate-Directed Amide Cleavage as a Biomimic of Metallo-Exopeptidase Activity
作者:Clarence C. D. Wybon、Carl Mensch、Charlie Hollanders、Charlène Gadais、Wouter A. Herrebout、Steven Ballet、Bert U. W. Maes
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.7b02599
日期:2018.1.5
A two-step catalytic amide-to-ester transformation of primary amides under mild reaction conditions has been developed. A tert-butyl nicotinate (tBu nic) directing group is easily introduced onto primary amides viaPd-catalyzed amidation with tert-butyl 2-chloronicotinate. A weak base (Cs2CO3 or K2CO3) at 40–50 °C can be used provided that 1,1′-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocene is selected as ligand
已经开发了在温和的反应条件下伯酰胺的两步催化酰胺转化为酯的方法。甲叔丁基烟酸甲酯(吨卜NIC)指示组很容易通过Pd催化的酰胺化与引入到伯酰胺叔丁基2-氯烟。如果选择1,1'-双(二环己基膦基)二茂铁作为配体,则可以使用40–50°C的弱碱(Cs 2 CO 3或K 2 CO 3)。所述吨卜NIC活化酰胺随后允许的Zn(OAc)2催化的醇解nonsolvolytic在吨在中性反应条件下于40–60°C的BuOAc。激活机制是仿生的:在引导基团中吡啶的C3酯取代基构成了适合Zn螯合的反式构象异构体,C═O酰胺-Zn-N引导基团,并且Zn配位醇还被激活为亲核试剂通过氢键与催化剂的乙酸酯配体键合。另外,乙酸盐配体有助于分子内O至N质子转移。化学选择性相对于其他官能团以及与具有挑战性的反应伙伴(如肽,糖和固醇)的相容性说明了这种两步酰胺裂解方法的合成适用性。该Ť卜NIC酰胺在裂解前不需要纯化。初步实验
Ester Formation via Symbiotic Activation Utilizing Trichloroacetimidate Electrophiles
作者:Nivedita S. Mahajani、Rowan I. L. Meador、Tomas J. Smith、Sarah E. Canarelli、Arijit A. Adhikari、Jigisha P. Shah、Christopher M. Russo、Daniel R. Wallach、Kyle T. Howard、Alexandra M. Millimaci、John D. Chisholm
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.9b00745
日期:2019.6.21
Trichloroacetimidates are useful reagents for the synthesis of esters under mild conditions that do not require an exogenous promoter. These conditions avoid the undesired decomposition of substrates with sensitive functional groups that are often observed with the use of strong Lewis or Brønsted acids. With heating, these reactions have been extended to benzyl esters without electron-donating groups. These inexpensive
A straightforward synthesis of amides, ureas, and esters is reported by visible-light cross-dehydrogenating coupling (CDC) of aldehydes (or amine carbaldehydes) and amines/R-OTBS ethers by photoredoxcatalysis. The reaction is found to be general and high yielding. A plausible mechanistic pathway has been proposed for these transformations and is supported by appropriate controlled experiments.
Hypertension is a lifestyle-related disease which often leads to serious conditions such as heart disease and cerebral hemorrhage. Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis. Consequently, antagonists that block the interaction of Ang II with its receptors are thought to be effective in the suppression of hypertension. In this study, we searched for plant compounds that had antagonist-like activity toward Ang II receptors. From among 435 plant samples, we found that EtOH extract from the resin of sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua strongly inhibited Ang II signaling. We isolated benzyl benzoate and benzyl cinnamate from this extract and found that those compounds inhibited the function of Ang II in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. An in vivo study showed that benzyl benzoate significantly suppressed Ang II-induced hypertension in mice. In addition, we synthesized more than 40 derivatives of benzyl benzoate and found that the meta-methyl and 3-methylbenzyl 2'-nitrobenzoate derivatives showed about 10-fold higher activity than benzyl benzoate itself. Thus, benzyl benzoate, its derivatives, and benzyl cinnamate may be useful for reducing hypertension. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tiffeneau; Fuhrer, Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1914, vol. <4> 15, p. 171