Aryl-substituted and aryl and (3-oxo-1-propenly)-substituted benzopyran, benzothiopyran, 1,2-dihydroquinoline, and 5,6-dihydronaphthalene derivatives have retinoid negative hormone and/or antagonist-like biological activities. The invented RAR antagonists can be administered to mammals, including humans, for the purpose of preventing or diminishing action of RAR agonists on the bound receptor sites. Specifically, the RAR agonists are administered or coadministered with retinoid drugs to prevent or ameliorate toxicity or side effects caused by retinoids or vitamin A or vitamin A precursors. The retinoid negative hormones can be used to potentiate the activities of other retinoids and nuclear receptor agonists. For example, the retinoid negative hormone called AGN 193109 effectively increased the effectiveness of other retinoids and steroid hormones in in vitro transactivation assays. Additionally, transactivation assays can be used to identify compounds having negative hormone activity. These assays are based on the ability of negative hormones to down-regulate the activity of chimeric retinoid receptors engineered to possess a constitutive transcription activator domain.
取代芳基和取代芳基和(3-氧代-
1-丙烯基)基苯并
吡喃、苯并
硫吡喃、1,2-二氢
喹啉和5,6-二氢
萘衍
生物具有
视黄醛受体负性激素和/或拮抗剂样的
生物活性。发明的RAR拮抗剂可用于哺乳动物,包括人类,以防止或减少RAR激动剂对结合受体位点的作用。具体而言,RAR激动剂与
视黄醇药物一起使用或联合使用,以防止或缓解
视黄醇或
维生素A或
维生素A前体引起的毒性或副作用。
视黄醛负性激素可用于增强其他
视黄醇和核受体激动剂的活性。例如,名为AGN 193109的
视黄醛负性激素在体外转录激活测定中有效地增加了其他
视黄醇和类
固醇激素的效力。此外,转录激活测定可用于鉴定具有负性激素活性的化合物。这些测定基于负性激素降调节嵌合
视黄醛受体活性的能力。