Photoreversible Transformation between Seconds and Hours Time-Scales: Threading of Pillar[5]arene onto the Azobenzene-End of a Viologen Derivative
摘要:
Photoswitching of the transformation between seconds and hours time-scales is demonstrated using the threading of per-hydroxylated pillar[5]arene onto the azobenzene-end of a viologen derivative. When the azobenzene moiety was in the trans form, the threading of per-hydroxylated pillar[5]arene quickly took place at 25 degrees C and could not be monitored directly. The exchange rate (k) and half-life time (t(1/2)) examined by 2D EXSY NMR spectroscopy were found to be 0.209 +/- 0.013 s(-1) and 3.33 +/- 0.21 s, respectively. In contrast, the cis form of the azobenzene moiety required very long time (k = 2.14 +/- 0.27 x 10(-5) s(-1), t(1/2) = 9.13 +/- 1.2 h) to thread per-hydroxylated pillar[5]arene at 25 degrees C. Photoisomerization from the trans to the cis form generated the following increment of free energy of activation at 25 degrees C: Delta G(in)double dagger (cis form) - Delta G(in)double dagger(trans form) = 22.8 +/- 0.24 kJ mol(-1), which led to the time-scale transformation. The tuning of the threading was also accomplished by heating/cooling: the rate constants increased on heating and decreased on cooling.
Photoreversible Transformation between Seconds and Hours Time-Scales: Threading of Pillar[5]arene onto the Azobenzene-End of a Viologen Derivative
摘要:
Photoswitching of the transformation between seconds and hours time-scales is demonstrated using the threading of per-hydroxylated pillar[5]arene onto the azobenzene-end of a viologen derivative. When the azobenzene moiety was in the trans form, the threading of per-hydroxylated pillar[5]arene quickly took place at 25 degrees C and could not be monitored directly. The exchange rate (k) and half-life time (t(1/2)) examined by 2D EXSY NMR spectroscopy were found to be 0.209 +/- 0.013 s(-1) and 3.33 +/- 0.21 s, respectively. In contrast, the cis form of the azobenzene moiety required very long time (k = 2.14 +/- 0.27 x 10(-5) s(-1), t(1/2) = 9.13 +/- 1.2 h) to thread per-hydroxylated pillar[5]arene at 25 degrees C. Photoisomerization from the trans to the cis form generated the following increment of free energy of activation at 25 degrees C: Delta G(in)double dagger (cis form) - Delta G(in)double dagger(trans form) = 22.8 +/- 0.24 kJ mol(-1), which led to the time-scale transformation. The tuning of the threading was also accomplished by heating/cooling: the rate constants increased on heating and decreased on cooling.