De Novo Synthesis Mechanism of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Characteristic Isomers of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes
摘要:
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are known to be emitted from municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). Two formation paths for PCDD/Fs could mainly work, which are condensation of the precursors such as chlorophenols and "de novo" formation from carbon. However the correlation between the chemical structure of carbon and the resulting PCDD/Fs still remains unknown. In this study, the PCDD/Fs formation from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and CuCl was examined at 400 under 10% O-2. Coronene among the PAHs characteristically gave 1,2,8,9-T4CDF and the derivatives. These isomers clearly indicate that chlorination causes the cleavage of the C-C bonds in a coronene molecule and also that oxygen is easily incorporated from its outside to form 1,2,8,9-T4CDF. The symmetrical preformed structures in the coronene molecule enabled to amplify the de novo formation of the isomer. PCNs are also formed directly from these PAHs. Since there have been few reports on the formation mechanism of PCNs, this study will be a first step to know the whole formation paths. We also define the de novo synthesis as the breakdown reaction of a carbon matrix, since the word has been used without the precise definition.
Emission Factors and Importance of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PCNs, PAHs and PM<sub>10</sub> from the Domestic Burning of Coal and Wood in the U.K.
作者:Robert G. M. Lee、Peter Coleman、Joanne L. Jones、Kevin C. Jones、Rainer Lohmann
DOI:10.1021/es048745i
日期:2005.3.1
fuels. However, their combined emissions from the domestic burning of coal and wood would contribute only a few percent to annual U.K.emission estimates. Emissions of PAHs and PM10 were major contributors to U.K. national emission inventories. Major emissions were found from the domestic burning for Cl1,2,3DFs, while the contribution of PCDD/F-sigmaTEQ to total U.K.emissions was minor.
本文介绍了当煤和木材经过受控燃烧实验时针对一系列持久性有机污染物(POPs)得出的排放因子(EFs),旨在模拟空间供暖的家庭燃烧。排放了各种各样的持久性有机污染物,煤炭的排放量高于木材的排放量。对于颗粒物,PM10(大约10 g / kg燃料)和多环芳烃(对于sigmaPAHs大约100 mg / kg燃料)获得了最高的EF。对于氯化物,多氯联苯(PCB)的EF最高,而多氯萘(PCN),二苯并-对-二恶英(PCDD)和二苯并呋喃(PCDF)的丰度较低。对于sigmaPCB,EF大约为1000 ng / kg燃料,对于sigmaPCNs大约为100s ng / kg燃料,对于sigmaPCDD / Fs大约为100 ng / kg燃料。该研究证实,一氯化至三氯化二苯并呋喃Cl1,2,3DFs是低温燃烧过程(如煤炭和木材的国内燃烧)的有力指标。结论是,在固体燃料燃烧期间通常形成许多PCB和PC
NAPHTHOBISCHALCOGENADIAZOLE DERIVATIVE AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR
申请人:OSAKA UNIVERSITY
公开号:US20190337966A1
公开(公告)日:2019-11-07
In order to provide a naphthobischalcogenadiazole derivative that can be used as an intermediate for producing a naphthobischalcogenadiazole compound into which a fluorine atom has been introduced, the naphthobischalcogenadiazole derivative in accordance with an aspect of the present invention is represented by a formula (I):
where each of A
1
and A
2
is independently an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or a tellurium atom; and each of X
1
and X
2
is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a boronic acid group, a boronic acid ester group, a boronic acid diaminonaphthalene amide group, an N-methyliminodiacetic acid boronate group, a trifluoroborate salt group, or a triolborate salt group.
Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen, gegebenenfalls verzweigten Polyarylensulfiden
申请人:BAYER AG
公开号:EP0092723A2
公开(公告)日:1983-11-02
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen, gegebenenfalls verzweigten Polyarylensulfiden, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß cyclische phosphororganische Verbindungen als organische Lösungsmittel eingesetzt werden.
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyarylensulfiden mit erhöhter thermischer und chemischer Belastbarkeit und verbesserter Farbqualität
申请人:BAYER AG
公开号:EP0087045A1
公开(公告)日:1983-08-31
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen verzweigten Polyarylensulfiden in vollständig alkylierten cyclischen Harnstoffen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man die Herstellung bei Reaktionstemperaturen von 250°C bis 290°C und Drücke von 4 bar bis 50 bar durchführt.
本发明的目的是一种在全烷基化环状脲中制备高分子量支链聚芳基硫醚的工艺,其特征在于制备过程是在 250°C 至 290°C 的反应温度和 4 bar 至 50 bar 的压力下进行的。
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyarylensulfiden mit erhöhter thermischer und chemischer Belastbarkeit
申请人:BAYER AG
公开号:EP0087046A1
公开(公告)日:1983-08-31
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyarylensulfiden, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man das für die Reaktion eingesetzte Lösungsmittel vor und gegebenenfalls während der Polykondensation von gelöstem Sauerstoff befreit.