Isopropyl 2-ethoxyacetate—an efficient acylating agent for lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of amines in batch and continuous-flow modes
摘要:
Productivity [conversion (c) and specific reaction rate (r(batch) or r(flow))] and enantiomer selectivity [enantiomeric ratio (E) and enantiomeric excess (ee) of the products] of ethyl and isopropyl esters of acetic, 2-methoxyacetic and 2-ethoxyacetic acids as acylating agents were compared in the N-acylation of (+/-)-1-phenylethanamine rac-1 catalyzed by variously immobilized forms of Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) using shake flasks and continuous-flow reactors. The effect of the temperature in the 0-80 degrees C range on productivity and enantiomer selectivity in KRs of rac-1 was investigated with the isopropyl esters in continuous-flow mode using CaLB-filled minireactors. Isopropyl 2-ethoxyacetate surpassed the performance of ethyl 2-methoxyacetate in terms of both productivity (1.9-2.9 times higher rate in batch mode) and enantiomeric selectivity (ee((R)-amide)>99.9% compared to 99.8%) providing at 40 degrees C high volumetric productivity (2.22 kg L-1 h(-1)), specific reaction rate and enantiomeric excess (r(flow)=783 mu mol min(-1) g(-1), ee((R)),e((R)-2c)>99.9%). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
In this study, lipase-mediated dynamickineticresolution (DKR) of various benzylic amines (1a–g) is presented which is realized in a so far unprecedented fully continuous-flow system. The DKR process applying sol–gel immobilized lipase B from Candidaantarctica as biocatalyst, palladium on 3-aminopropyl-functionalized silica as racemization catalyst, isopropyl 2-ethoxyacetate as acylating agent, ammonium