ABSTRACT“Juvenile detention is regularly overlooked, maligned, and misunderstood. Its embattled condition is best described as severely abused and neglected. It is underfunded, understaffed, crowded and largely ignored.”1“Detention caseloads increased 38 percent between 1987 and 1996. The increase in the number of delinquency cases handled by the courts has driven the growth in the number of juveniles in the detention system. In 1987, 1.2 million delinquency cases were disposed of in juvenile courts. By 1996, this number had risen 49 percent, to almost 1.8 million. This increase in the volume of juveniles in the justice system resulted in a 38 percent increase in the number of delinquency cases that involved the use of detention. The number of juvenile delinquency cases detained in 1996 was 89,000 more than in 1987. This has resulted in increased demand for juvenile detention bed space across the country.”2“Changes in statutes allowing more detainable offenses have significantly increased the number of youths admitted to regional detention centers.”3“Although minority youth constituted about 32 percent of the youth population in the country in 1995, they represented 68 percent of the juvenile population in secure detention…4
In situ slow release of isocyanates: synthesis and organocatalytic application of N-acylureas
作者:Atul K. Singh、Ruchi Chawla、Lal Dhar S. Yadav
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.045
日期:2013.9
A novel, efficient, and operationally simple one-pot synthesis of both, symmetrical and unsymmetrical N-acylureas from carboxamides and in situ generated isocyanates (from N,N-dibromo-p-toluenesulfonamide) in the presence of a mild base at rt is reported. The protocol avoids the tedious isolation and purification steps of hazardous isocyanates. The first application of these acylureas to the catalysis