Targeting the gatekeeper residue in phosphoinositide 3-kinases
摘要:
A single residue in the ATP binding pocket of protein kinases-termed the gatekeeper-has been shown to control sensitivity to a wide range of small molecule inhibitors (Chem. Biol. 2004, 11, 691; Chem. Biol. 1999, 6, 671). Kinases that possess a small side chain at this position (Thr, Ala, or Gly) are readily targeted by structurally diverse classes of inhibitors, whereas kinases that possess a larger residue at this position are broadly resistant. Recently, lipid kinases of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) family have become the focus of intense research interest as potential drug targets (Chem. Biol. 2003, 10, 207; Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2003, 3, 426). In this study, we identify the residue that corresponds structurally to the gatekeeper in PI3-Ks, and explore its importance in controlling enzyme activity and small molecule sensitivity. Isoleucine 848 of p110 alpha was mutated to alanine and glycine, but the mutated kinase was found to have severely impaired enzymatic activity. A structural bioinformatic comparison of this kinase with its yeast orthologs identified second site mutations that rescued the enzymatic activity of the 1848A kinase. To probe the dimensions of the gatekeeper pocket, a focused panel of analogs of the PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 was synthesized and its activity against gatekeeper mutated and wild-type p110 alpha was assessed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
(omega- aminoalkoxy )stilbene derivatives has been synthesized and screened for anticonvulsantactivity. The effect of structural modification of these molecules on the activities has been systematically examined. Potent anticonvulsantactivity was displayed by 2-[4-(4-methyl-1 piperazinyl)butoxy]stilbene (20) and some2-[4-(3-alkoxy-1-piperidino)butoxy]stilbene derivatives (21, 37, 38, and 40), as determined
Silver catalyzed zinc Barbier reaction of benzylic halides in water
作者:Lothar W. Bieber、Elisabeth C. Storch、Ivani Malvestiti、Margarete F. da Silva
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02199-6
日期:1998.12
Benzylic chlorides react in aqueous dibasic potassium phosphate under silver catalysis with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of zinc dust to give 1,2-diaryl alcohols in moderate to good yields. Dimerization to bibenzyls and reduction of the halide are important side reactions. A wide range of substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes and of substituted benzylic chlorides can be used. Aliphatic
A Simple Synthesis of Densely Substituted Benzofurans by Domino Reaction of 2-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohols with 2-Substituted Furans
作者:Anton S. Makarov、Anna E. Kekhvaeva、Petrakis N. Chalikidi、Vladimir T. Abaev、Igor V. Trushkov、Maxim G. Uchuskin
DOI:10.1055/s-0039-1690000
日期:2019.10
Brönsted acid-catalyzed cascade synthesis of densely substituted benzofurans from easily available salicyl alcohols and biomass-derived furans has been developed. The disclosed sequence includes the intermediate formation of 2-(2-hydroxybenzyl)furans that quickly rearrange into functionalized benzofurans. The established protocol was applied for the total synthesis of sugikurojinol B. The Brönsted
Cadmium-Mediated Carbonyl Benzylation in Tap Water
作者:Cunliu Zhou、Zhiyong Wang
DOI:10.1055/s-2005-865293
日期:——
Zn/CdCl 2 has been developed as a mediator in the benzylation of various aldehydes in tap water affording the corresponding alcohols in moderate to good yields. The addition of a catalytic amount of InCl 3 increases the yield of benzylation product significantly. It can selectively mediate the benzylation of aldehydes in the presence of ketones. A mechanism involving the formation of a cation it-complex
Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Furans with <i>o</i>-Quinone Methide Using a Chiral Oxazaborolidinium Ion Catalyst
作者:Yoon Sung Cho、Seung Tae Kim、Do Hyun Ryu
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00404
日期:2022.3.4
A chiral Lewis acid-catalyzed enantioselectiveFriedel–Craftsfuranalkylation with in situ-generated o-quinone methides has been developed. In the presence of a chiral oxazaborolidinium ion catalyst, the reaction proceeded in high yield (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee).