Pharmacological evaluation of disulfiram analogs as antimicrobial agents and their application as inhibitors of fosB-mediated fosfomycin resistance
作者:Alexandria D. Lewis、Taylor M. Riedel、Meredith B. A. Kesler、Melinda E. Varney、Timothy E. Long
DOI:10.1038/s41429-022-00500-2
日期:2022.3
Disulfide analogs of the alcohol sobriety medication disulfiram (Antabuse®) were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Structure-activity relationship analyses of MIC data obtained for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other pathogenic organisms revealed correlations between the lipophilicity and bulkiness of the substituents. Analogs conferring optimal anti-MRSA activity contained S-octyl disulfides and either N,N-dimethyl- or N-pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate substituents. Additional testing revealed that both disulfiram and its S-octyl derivative are capable of sensitizing S. aureus to the bactericidal effects of fosfomycin. Mechanistic studies established that the compounds decrease intracellular levels of the fosB cofactor bacillithiol through a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. The increased fosfomycin susceptibility in S. aureus was thereby attributed to a depleted cellular bacillithiol pool available for inactivation by fosB.
酒精戒断药物二硫仑(Antabuse®)的二硫化物类似物被评估其抗微生物活性。对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和其他致病生物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)数据进行的结构活性关系分析显示,取代基的亲脂性和体积之间存在相关性。具有最佳抗MRSA活性的类似物含有S-辛基二硫化物和N,N-二甲基或N-吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸酯取代基。额外测试表明,二硫仑及其S-辛基衍生物均能使金黄色葡萄球菌对磷霉素的杀菌效果产生敏感性。机制研究表明,这些化合物通过硫醇-二硫键交换反应降低了胞内辅因子巴克利硫醇的水平。因此,金黄色葡萄球菌对磷霉素的增敏被归因于可用于fosB失活的细胞内巴克利硫醇池的耗竭。