申请人:Buchwald L. Stephen
公开号:US20050215794A1
公开(公告)日:2005-09-29
The present invention relates to copper-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming methods. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of an amide or amine moiety and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In additional embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between a nitrogen atom of an acyl hydrazine and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic, e.g., indole, pyrazole, and indazole, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-oxygen bond between the oxygen atom of an alcohol and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. The present invention also relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-carbon bond between a reactant comprising a nucleophilic carbon atom, e.g., an enolate or malonate anion, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. Importantly, all the methods of the present invention are relatively inexpensive to practice due to the low cost of the copper comprised by the catalysts.
本发明涉及铜催化的碳-杂原子和碳-碳键形成方法。在某些实施例中,本发明涉及铜催化的方法,用于在苯基、杂环基或乙烯基卤化物或磺酸盐的活性碳和酰胺或胺基团的氮原子之间形成碳-氮键。在其他实施例中,本发明涉及铜催化的方法,用于在苯基、杂环基或乙烯基卤化物或磺酸盐的活性碳和酰肼的氮原子之间形成碳-氮键。在其他实施例中,本发明涉及铜催化的方法,用于在苯基、杂环基或乙烯基卤化物或磺酸盐的活性碳和含氮杂环芳香族化合物(例如吲哚、吡唑和吲唑)的氮原子之间形成碳-氮键。在某些实施例中,本发明涉及铜催化的方法,用于在苯基、杂环基或乙烯基卤化物或磺酸盐的活性碳和醇的氧原子之间形成碳-氧键。本发明还涉及铜催化的方法,用于在包含亲核碳原子(例如烯醇酸根离子或马隆酸根离子)的反应物和苯基、杂环基或乙烯基卤化物或磺酸盐的活性碳之间形成碳-碳键。重要的是,由于催化剂中铜的低成本,本发明的所有方法都相对廉价易行。