毒理性
gliotoxin具有免疫抑制特性,因为它可以抑制并导致某些类型的免疫细胞凋亡,包括中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和胸腺细胞。它还作为一种法尼基转移酶抑制剂。gliotoxin非竞争性地抑制20S蛋白酶体的胰蛋白酶样活性,并显示出抗炎活性。它通过阻断细胞膜中的巯基团发挥作用。gliotoxin也具有细胞毒性,可引起神经纤维变性。霉菌毒素常能通过人类有机阴离子转运体(hOATs)和人类有机阳离子转运体(hOCTs)进入肝脏和肾脏。它们还能抑制这些转运体对阴离子和阳离子的摄取,干扰内源性代谢物、药物和包括自身在内的异生物质的外泌。这导致细胞内毒性化合物的积累增加,引起肾毒性和肝毒性。(L1941、A2951、A3014)
Gliotoxin possesses immunosuppressive properties as it may suppress and cause apoptosis in certain types of cells of the immune system, including neutrophils, eosinophils, granulocytes, macrophages, and thymocytes. It also acts as an inhibitor of farnesyl transferase. Gliotoxin noncompetitively inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome and displays anti-inflammatory activity. It acts by blocking thiol groups in the cell membranes. Gliotoxin is also cytotoxic and causes neurite degeneration. Mycotoxins are often able to enter the liver and kidney by human organic anion transporters (hOATs) and human organic cation transporters (hOCTs). They can also inhibit uptake of anions and cations by these transporters, interefering with the secretion of endogenous metabolites, drugs, and xenobiotics including themselves. This results in increased cellular accumulation of toxic compounds causing nephro- and hepatotoxicity. (L1941, A2951, A3014)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)