Recent Synthetic Methods Involving Intermolecular alpha;-Amidoalkylation at Carbon
作者:Harold E. ZAUGG
DOI:10.1055/s-1970-21579
日期:——
This paper summarizes the work that has been done in the field since the most recent review of the subject1, i. e. literature coverage from January, 1963 to June, 1969. Briefly, the scope includes any reaction resulting in the attachment of an α-amidoalkyl group to a carbon atom of another molecule. The electrophilic amidoalkylation reagents generally can be represented by the structure, R-CO-N(R′)-CH(R″)-X, where X, the leaving group, is -OH, -OR, -O-CO-R, -NH-CO-R, -NR2, -NR3 +, or halogen (in the tables this order will be used in listing the reagents). The group R′ may be hydrogen, alkyl, or a second acyl group. When R′ is hydrogen, HX may be eliminated in certain cases to give the corresponding acylimine, R-CO-N = CH-R″, also an effective α-amidoalkylating agent. Compounds bearing carbon atoms sufficiently nucleophilic to be susceptible to attack by the amidoalkylation agents represent a wide variety of structural types. They include aromatic compounds, olefins, acetylenes, ketenes, carbenoid compounds, and carbanionoid compounds derived from active methylenes, Grignard reagents, and other organometallics. The review surveys α-amidoalkylation of 1. Aromatic Compounds 2. Mono-olefins 3. Conjugated Dienes 4. Acetylenes 5. Ketenes 6. Carbenoid Carbon 7. Active Methylene Compounds (and HCN) 8. Grignard Reagents
本文总结了自最近一次对这一主题的回顾1 (即 1963 年 1 月至 1969 年 6 月期间的文献覆盖范围)以来在这一领域所做的工作。简而言之,研究范围包括将δ-氨基烷基连接到另一个分子的碳原子上的任何反应。亲电氨基烷基化试剂一般可用结构 R-CO-N(R′)-CH(R″)-X 表示,其中离去基团 X 是-OH、-OR、-O-CO-R、-NH-CO-R、-NR2、-NR3 + 或卤素(在表格中列出试剂时将使用此顺序)。基团 R′可以是氢、烷基或第二个酰基。当 R′为氢时,在某些情况下可以消除 HX,得到相应的酰亚胺 R-CO-N=CH-R″,它也是一种有效的δ-氨基烷基化剂。 含有碳原子的化合物,其亲核性足以使其易受氨基烷基化剂的攻击,其结构类型多种多样。它们包括芳香族化合物、烯烃、乙炔、烯酮、类羰基化合物以及由活性甲烯、格氏试剂和其他有机金属衍生的类羰基化合物。 本综述探讨了δ-氨基烷基化 1. 芳香族化合物 2. 单烯烃 3. 共轭二烯 4. 乙烯 5. 烯酮 6. 类羰基碳 7. 活性亚甲基化合物(和 HCN) 8. 格氏试剂