Design, Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of Some New 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-hydroxyaniline Hybrid Mannich Bases
作者:Dipshikha Sharma、Dipak Chetia、Mithun Rudrapal
DOI:10.14233/ajchem.2016.19478
日期:——
In this study, some novel 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-hydroxyaniline hybrid Mannich bases were designed, synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antimalarial activity. The design strategy of novel hybrid molecules involves fusion between the pharmacophoric moieties of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, a residue from atovaquone) and Mannich substituted 4-hydroxyaniline (4-aminophenol, a residue from amodiaquine) on the basis of molecular hybridization strategy. Newly designed compounds, 5a-f were also studied for drug-likeness assessment based on Lipinski’s rule of five. All the synthesized compounds exhibited some degree of in vitro antimalarial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive strain (RKL-2) of P. falciparum at the tested dose (1 mg/mL), which was considerably less than that of the standard drug, chloroquine (0.1 mg/mL). However, compounds with propyl, 5a (IC50 0.453 μg/mL) and morpholinyl, 5f (IC50 0.391 μg/mL) substitutions showed comparatively better activity than rest of the synthesized analogues. Compound 5f (IC50 0.993 μg/mL) was found to possess higher antimalarial effectiveness than compound 5a (IC50 2.92 μg/mL) against resistant strain (RKL-9) of P. falciparum. The activity of these compounds against the resistant strain was also less than that of chloroquine (IC50 0.299 μg/mL). From results, it is clear that compounds having substitutions like smaller alkyl groups (n-propyl, 5a; isopropyl, 5b) or saturated heterocyclic moiety (morpholinyl, 5f) possess superior antimalarial activity in comparison to other compounds substituted with bulky alkyl (diisopropyl, 5c; n-butyl, 5d) or aryl (phenyl, 5e) moieties. Further, since all the compounds exhibited favourable drug-like properties a reasonable correlation therefore appears to exist between their drug-likeness and antimalarial activities.
在本研究中,我们设计、合成了一些新颖的2-羟基-1,4-萘醌-4-羟基苯胺杂化Mannich碱,并评估了它们在体外抗疟活性。新型杂化分子设计策略涉及基于分子杂交策略将lawhone(2-羟基-1,4-萘醌,阿托喹酮的残留部分)和 Mannich取代的4-羟基苯胺(4-氨基苯酚,阿莫地喹的残留部分)的药效团部分融合。根据Lipinski的五规则,还研究了新设计的化合物5a-f的类药性评估。所有合成的化合物在测试剂量(1 mg/mL)下对氯喹敏感的P. falciparum菌株(RKL-2)显示出一定程度的体外抗疟活性,这远低于标准药物氯喹(0.1 mg/mL)的活性。然而,具有丙基、5a(IC50 0.453 μg/mL)和吗啉基、5f(IC50 0.391 μg/mL)取代的化合物显示出相对较好的活性相比其他合成的类似物。化合物5f(IC50 0.993 μg/mL)对耐药菌株(RKL-9)的P. falciparum具有比化合物5a(IC50 2.92 μg/mL)更高的抗疟效果。这些化合物对耐药菌株的活性也低于氯喹(IC50 0.299 μg/mL)。从结果中可以清楚地看出,与其他用大体积烷基(二异丙基,5c;正丁基,5d)或芳基(苯基,5e)取代的化合物相比,具有较小烷基(正丙基,5a;异丙基,5b)或饱和杂环基团(吗啉基,5f)取代的化合物具有更优越的抗疟活性。此外,由于所有化合物都表现出良好的类药性,因此它们与抗疟活性之间似乎存在合理相关性。