INVESTIGATORS ARE AGREED THAT FLUOROACETAMIDE IS LESS TOXIC THAN FLUOROACETATE. THIS HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO THE FACT THAT METABOLISM OF THE FORMER TO THE LATTER IS SLOW. ... RECOVERED, FROM THE URINE OF RATS RECEIVING FLUOROACETAMIDE AT A RATE OF 3 MG/KG/DAY, 62% OF THE TOTAL INTAKE UNMETABOLIZED ... .
2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene reacts with glutathione to form a stable product similar to that formed with the model glutathione-S-transferase substrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. ... Fluoroacetamide, like fluoroacetate, undergoes no discernable chemical defluorinantion. Its enzymatic defluorination is approx 10% of that observed for fluoroacetate and only 0.2% of the rate for 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. An antibody raised to the fluoroacetate specific dehalogenase precipitated both fluoroacetate ad fluoroacetamide defluorinating activity but had no effect on either 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene or 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene activity. ... 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene is metabolized by the glutathione-S-transferase while fluoroacetamide is metabolized by the fluoroacetate specific dehalogenase.
Fluoroacetate administered ip to rats and mice is defluorinated to give fluoride ion evident in urine and kidney by (19)F NMR. The use of 2-(13)C-, 1,2-(13)C-, and 1,2-(14)C-fluoroacetate, ... reveals a complex mixture of urinary metabolites including an S-(carboxymethyl) conjugate complex in rats and mice and sulfoxidation products ... in rats. ... Bile, following treatment with 2-(13)C- fluoroacetate, shows the presence of S-(carboxymethyl)glutathione or a related conjugate and an O-conjugate of fluoracetate. Incubation of (13)C-fluoroacetate with rat and mouse liver cytosol involves formation of S-((13)C-carboxymethyl) glutathione and fluoride ion. Fluorocitrate is also /detected in/ fluoracetate incubations with mouse liver cytosol. Fluoroacetamide administered ip to rats and mice yields urinary fluoride ion formed via fluoroacetate which is liberated on hydrolysis by an organophosphate-sensitive amidase. (19)F NMR ... of other metabolites of fluoroacetamide are consistent with fluoroacetohydroxamic acid in the liver of mice and fluorocitrate in the urine of rats. Fluoroethanol gives rinary fluoroacetate and fluoride ion in rats and mice and is converted to fluoroacetaldehyde by mouse and rat liver microsomes. (-)- and (+)-erythro- fluorocitrates administered ip to rats yield mostly the parent compounds in urine at 6 hr with increasing amounts of fluoride ion thereafter. ... Rat and mouse liver cytosols defluorinate (-)-erythro-fluorocitrate. Metabolic defluorination and pig heart aconitase also defluorinates (-)-erythro- fluorocitrate. Metabolic defluorination of fluoracetate and its progenitors, fluoroacetamide and fluoroethanol, is therefore attributable to both conjucation of fluoracetate with glutathione and conversion to (-)-erythro-fluorocitrate, which is both an inhibitor of and a substrate for aconitase. ... Urine of rats and mice poisoned with fluoroacetate or (-)-erythro-fluorocitrate show elevated citrate and glucose and diminished urea consistent with disruptions in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ammonia metabolism.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
氟乙酰胺被氟乙酸特异性脱卤酶(A323)代谢。
Fluoroacetamide is metabolized by the fluoroacetate specific dehalogenase (A323).
Fluoroacetate produces its toxin action by inhibiting the citric acid cycle. The fluorine substituted acetate becomes incorporated, as a normal acetate, into fluoroacetyl coenzyme A, which condenses with oxaloacetate to form fluorocitrate. Fluorocitrate inhibits the enzyme aconitase and thereby inhibits the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. As a result there is an accumulation of large quantities of citrate in the tissue, and the cycle is blocked. The heart and CNS are the most critical tissues involved in poisoning by general inhibition of oxydative energy metabolism (A640).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, elevated serum levels of hepatic transaminases, and elevated serum creatinine levels may occur. Tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, and sudden onset of asystole may occur (T36).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶、通过皮肤接触以及吞食被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
A series of amides, lactams, carbamates, ureas and anilines, equipped with various functionalities, were readily N-alkylated with the 4,4’-dimethoxybenzhydryl residue by reaction with 4,4’-dimethoxybenzhydrol [bis(4-methoxyphenyl)methanol] in acetic acid, at room temperature, under H2SO4 catalysis.
A quinazoline of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, halogeno, hydroxy, mercapto, pyridylthio, pyrimidinylthio, or substituted alkyl or alkoxy; wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl or alkanoyl; wherein Ar is phenylene, naphthylene or heterocyclene which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents and wherein R.sup.3 is such that R.sup.3 --NH.sub.2 is an amino acid; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or ester thereof. The compounds possess anti-tumour activity.
New growth regulators of corn based on N-mono- and N,N-bis-3-butenyldichloroacetamides
作者:Yu. N. Bubnov、Yu. Ya. Spiridonov、N. Yu. Kuznetsov
DOI:10.1007/s11172-018-2080-0
日期:2018.2
Allylboration of imines, nitriles (including hydrocyanic acid), amides, lactams, aromatic azaheterocycles (pyridines, isoquinoline, and pyrrole) was used to synthesize a series of mono- and bis-3-butenylamines with different structures, which were converted to dichloroacetamides, new analogs of a known safener (herbicide antidote) Dichlormid successfully used in the cultivation of corn throughout the
Method for preparing a fluorinated organic compound
申请人:RHODIA OPERATIONS
公开号:US20140148603A1
公开(公告)日:2014-05-29
A method for preparing a fluorinated organic compound (II) from an organic compound (I) comprising at least one nucleofugal group Nu, and also a preparation of different specific organic compounds, in particular a fluoro-methylpyrazole compound. The method comprises: a reaction, in the presence of water, of the organic compound (I) and at least one salt providing at least one fluoride anion; and a replacement of at least one nucleofugal group Nu of the compound (I) with a fluorine atom, in order to obtain the fluorinated organic compound (II).
A general synthetic route to pentaamminecobalt(III) complexes of N-bonded amides, ureas, carbamates, sulfinamides, sulfonamides and sulfamate
作者:David P. Fairlie、W.Gregory Jackson
DOI:10.1016/s0020-1693(00)84828-8
日期:1990.9
A general synthetic procedure for preparing stable cobalt(III) complexes containing selectively nitrogen-bonded ambidentate molecules e.g. amides, ureas, carbamates, sulfinamides, sulfonamides and sulfamate, is described. The method relies on the superior acidity of the nitrogen-bonded, relative to the oxygen-bonded, isomer and this is attributed to much better resonance stabilization of the anionic