Palladium Complex-Catalyzed Reductive N-Heterocyclization of Nitroarenes: Novel Synthesis of Indole and 2H-Indazole Derivatives
摘要:
The dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (PdCl2(PPh(3))(2))-tin(II) chloride (SnCl2) system shows high catalytic activity for the reductive N-heterocyclization of various 2-nitrostyrene and N-(2-nitrobenzylidene)amine derivatives when employed at 100 degrees C for 16 h under 20 kg cm(-2) of initial carbon monoxide pressure, to give the corresponding indole and 2H-indazole derivatives in good yield. For example, 2-phenylindole was obtained in 75% yield from the reductive N-heterocyclization of 2-nitrostilbene. Similarly, 2-propyl-2H-indazole was readily prepared in 83% yield by the reductive N-heterocyclization of N-(2-nitrobenzylidene)propylamine. A nitrene intermediate for the present reaction is proposed on the basis of deuterium-labeling experiments and the investigation of alkyl rearrangement in the construction of the indole skeleton. Carbon monoxide effectively operates as a deoxygenating agent of the nitro group to afford a nitrene intermediate.
Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium–tin(II) chloride system effectively catalyses the selective transformation of N-(2-nitrobenzylidene)amines into the corresponding 2H-indazole derivatives under carbon monoxide via a reductive N-heterocyclization reaction.
The dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (PdCl2(PPh(3))(2))-tin(II) chloride (SnCl2) system shows high catalytic activity for the reductive N-heterocyclization of various 2-nitrostyrene and N-(2-nitrobenzylidene)amine derivatives when employed at 100 degrees C for 16 h under 20 kg cm(-2) of initial carbon monoxide pressure, to give the corresponding indole and 2H-indazole derivatives in good yield. For example, 2-phenylindole was obtained in 75% yield from the reductive N-heterocyclization of 2-nitrostilbene. Similarly, 2-propyl-2H-indazole was readily prepared in 83% yield by the reductive N-heterocyclization of N-(2-nitrobenzylidene)propylamine. A nitrene intermediate for the present reaction is proposed on the basis of deuterium-labeling experiments and the investigation of alkyl rearrangement in the construction of the indole skeleton. Carbon monoxide effectively operates as a deoxygenating agent of the nitro group to afford a nitrene intermediate.