First Non-ATP Competitive Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) Inhibitors: Thiadiazolidinones (TDZD) as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
摘要:
Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) has a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selective inhibitors which avoid tau hyperphosphorylation may represent an effective therapeutical approach to the AD pharmacotherapy and other neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we describe the synthesis, biological evaluation, and SAR of the small heterocyclic thiadiazolidinones (TDZD) as the first non-ATP competitive inhibitor of GSK-3beta. Their synthesis is based on the reactivity of sulfenyl chlorides. In GSK-3beta assays, TDZD derivatives showed IC50 values in the micromolar range, whereas in other protein kinases assays they were devoid of any inhibitory activity. SAR studies allowed the identification of the key structural features. Finally, a possible enzymatic binding mode is proposed.
The reactions of 5-amino-1,2,3,4-thiatriazoles with isocyanates
摘要:
The reaction of 5-(arylamino)-1,2,3,4-thiatriazoles 1 with isocyanates initially gives 1,2,3,4-thiatriazol-5-ylureas 3 which can be isolated when the aryl group has o-alkyl substituents. Compounds 3 rearrange to 21 in the presence of triethylamine and then react with the second equivalent of isocyanate to give (4-aryl-2-alkyl-3-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazolidin-5-ylidene)ureas 12 rather than the (3-oxo-DELTA(4)-1,2,4-thiadiazolin-5-yl)ureas 7 which had been proposed previously.1 The latter compounds, prepared from 8 and isocyanates, also rearrange to 12. Mechanisms incorporating these observations are proposed (Schemes IV and VI). The structure of 12 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis of [4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazolidin-5-ylidene]methylurea 12baa.