Chloride anions associated with various soft cations (like tetraalkyl ammoniums, alkyl imidazoliums or pyridiniums) were shown to be able to promote the alkylation of carbonyl derivatives with acidic compounds, as exemplified on Knoevenagel and aldol condensations under relatively mild conditions. This activity was attributed to an enhanced nucleophilicity of the chlorine anion, originating from a
                                    与各种软阳离子(如四烷基
铵,烷基
咪唑鎓或
吡啶鎓)相关的
氯阴离子显示出能够促进羰基衍
生物与酸性化合物的烷基化作用,例如在相对温和的条件下进行的Knoevenagel和Aldol缩合反应。该活性归因于
氯阴离子的亲核性增强,这源于阴离子与阳离子之间的软度/硬度失配。