Copolymerization of elemental sulfur with functional comonomers afford sulfur copolymers having a high molecular weight and high sulfur content. Nucleophilic activators initiate sulfur polymerizations at relative lower temperatures and in solutions, which enable the use of a wider range of comonomers, such as vinylics, styrenics, and non-homopolymerizing comonomers. Nucleophilic activators promote ring-opening reactions to generate linear polysulfide intermediates that copolymerize with comonomers. Dynamic sulfur-sulfur bonds enable re-processing or melt processing of the sulfur polymer. Chalcogenide-based copolymers have a refractive index of about 1.7-2.6 at a wavelength in a range of about 5000 nm-8μιτι. The sulfur copolymer can be a thermoplastic or a thermoset for use in elastomers, resins, lubricants, coatings, antioxidants, cathode materials for electrochemical cells, dental adhesives/restorations, and polymeric articles such as polymeric films and free-standing substrates. Optical substrates are constructed from the chalcogenide copolymer and are substantially transparent in the visible and infrared spectrum.
元素
硫与功能性共聚单体的共聚可产生具有高分子量和高含
硫量的
硫共聚物。亲核活化剂可在相对较低的温度和溶液中引发
硫聚合反应,从而可使用更广泛的共聚单体,如
乙烯基、
苯乙烯基和非共聚单体。亲核活化剂可促进开环反应,生成与共聚单体共聚的线性多
硫化物中间体。通过动态
硫磺键,可对
硫磺聚合物进行再加工或熔融加工。在波长约为 5000 纳米-8μιτι 的范围内,卤化
镓基共聚物的折射率约为 1.7-2.6。
硫磺共聚物可以是热塑性塑料或热固性塑料,可用于弹性体、
树脂、润滑剂、涂层、
抗氧化剂、电
化学电池的阴极材料、牙科粘合剂/修复剂,以及聚合物制品,如聚合物薄膜和独立基底。光学基底由
铬化共聚物制成,在可见光和红外光谱中基本透明。