diazanium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: diazanium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
• 化学式: C6H13N2O7-
• 分子量: 225.18
• InChiKey: YXVFQADLFFNVDS-UHFFFAOYSA-M

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -4.5
• 重原子数：
  15
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  143
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  7

ADMET

代谢

研究膳食柠檬酸铵和静脉注射乳酸钠在大鼠中的代谢命运的结果显示，尿素合成在很大浓度范围内代表了所施用氨的几乎恒定比例。除了谷氨酰胺和尿素，标记的氮还出现在肌酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸中。...检查了未经处理和生长激素处理的、经垂体切除的大鼠的肝脏、心脏、肾脏、脾脏和肌肉部分中来自柠檬酸铵的(15)N的掺入蛋白质，并发现根据给药途径的不同，代谢命运存在差异。皮下注射促进了酰胺氮的标记，表明通过谷氨酰胺合成的广泛分布。相比之下，经胃或腹腔给药导致肝脏中的精氨酸、谷氨酸和其他α-氨基酸的标记。酰胺氮的标记程度远低于皮下注射。标签的组织分布也根据进入途径不同而有所不同。/柠檬酸铵/

Results of studies on the metabolic fate of dietary ammonium citrate and intravenously-administered ammonium lactate in rats showed that urea synthesis represented a nearly constant fraction of the administered ammonia over a large concentration range. Besides glutamine and urea, labelled nitrogen also appeared in creatine, glycine, alanine, proline, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. ...The incorporation of (15)N from ammonium citrate into proteins of liver, heart, kidney, spleen, and muscle fractions of untreated and growth hormone-treated, hypophysectomized rats /was examined/, and found differences in the metabolic fate, depending on the route of administration. Subcutaneous injection facilitated the labelling of amide nitrogen, indicating extensive disposition via glutamine synthesis. In contrast, intragastric or intraperitoneal administration resulted in the labelling of arginine, glutamic acid, and other alpha-amino acids of the liver. Amide-nitrogen was labelled to a much lesser extent than by the subcutaneous route. The tissue distribution of the label also differed according to the route of entry. /Ammonium citrate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

L-蛋氨酸和甜菜碱HCl被发现可以缓解由过量L-谷氨酸引起的雏鸡生长抑制。过量的L-蛋氨酸对L-谷氨酸和柠檬酸二铵引起的生长抑制具有保护作用，而补充L-丝氨酸和甲酸钠对谷氨酸或精氨酸引起的生长抑制并无保护作用。结果与假设一致，即高水平的膳食蛋白质和单一氨基酸的过量氮会增加对预制甲基组的需求。

L-methionine and betaine HCl were found to alleviate the growth depression /in chicks/ caused by excessive levels of L-glutamic acid. Excessive levels of L-methionine had a protective effect against growth depression caused by L-glutamate and diammonium citrate, and conversely, supplementary L-serine and sodium formate were not protective against glutamic acid- or arginine-induced growth depression. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the preformed methyl group requirement is increased by high levels of dietary protein and excessive nitrogen from a single amino acid.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道（如需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。密切观察呼吸不足的迹象，并在必要时协助通气。通过非重复呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿的迹象并在必要时进行治疗……监测休克的迹象并在必要时进行治疗……对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）连续冲洗每只眼睛……不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能够吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔并给予5毫克/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……不要尝试中和。/氨和相关化合物/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Ammonia and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于失去意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用带有气囊-阀-面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿...。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β激动剂，如沙丁胺醇（舒喘灵）...。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常...。开始静脉输注5%葡萄糖盐水（D5W）/SRP：“保持开放”，最小流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%生理盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。如果病人在正常血容量下出现低血压，考虑使用血管加压药。注意观察液体过载的迹象...。使用丙美卡因盐酸协助眼部冲洗...。/氨水和相关化合物/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ammonium and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

征兆与症状：尘埃：刺激眼睛、鼻子和喉咙；如果吸入，会引起咳嗽或呼吸困难。固态：刺激皮肤和眼睛。

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Dust: irritating to eyes, nose and throat; if inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. Solid: irritating to skin and eyes.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

实验室动物：急性暴露/ 使用大剂量的氯化铵、硝酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、扁桃酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐等，可能会出现足够的吸收，产生利尿和系统性氨中毒，尤其是如果物质通过非口服途径给予的话。/柠檬酸铵/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ With large doses of ammonium chloride, nitrate, acetate, bicarbonate, citrate, lactate, mandelate, phosphate, sulfate, etc, there arises the possibility of sufficient absorption to produce a diuresis and systemic ammonia poisoning, particularly if the material is administered parenterally. /Ammonium citrate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

...研究了通过不同途径给予柠檬酸铵(15)N在切除垂体的大鼠各种组织蛋白质中的分布。在给予15N-柠檬酸铵后72小时内，肝脏、肾脏和脾脏中蛋白质结合的(15)N浓度高于心脏或肌肉部分。在最初的6小时内，通过胃内途径给予的值更高，此后，进入肝脏蛋白质中的(15)N量基本上不受给药途径的影响。然而，在大多数其他研究中，通过胃内途径的(15)N结合倾向最小，其次是腹膜内和皮下途径，这两种途径的(15)N结合量逐渐增加。通过最后一种途径，更多的标记氨显然被广泛分布的谷氨酰胺合成酶(EC 6.3.1.2)系统利用。/柠檬酸铵/

...The distribution of (15)N from ammonium citrate, administered by different routes, into the proteins of various tissues of hypophysectomized rats /was examined/. The liver, kidney, and spleen contained greater concentrations of (15)N incorporated into proteins than heart or muscle fractions during 72 hr following intragastric, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous administration of 15N-ammonium citrate. After the first 6 hr, during which the intragastric route gave higher values, the quantity of (15)N incorporated into liver-protein was not substantially affected by the route of administration. In most of the other tissues studied, however, (15)N incorporation tended to be least by the intragastric route, followed, in increasing order, by the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. By the last route, more labelled ammonia was apparently made available to the widely distributed glutamine-synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) system. /Ammonium citrate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)