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一氧化二氮 | 97485-25-1

中文名称
一氧化二氮
中文别名
笑气;氧化亚氮;一氧化二氮[压缩的];一氧化二氮[压缩的];氧化亚氮;笑气
英文名称
dinitrogen monoxide
英文别名
Nitrous oxide;nitric oxide;nitrogen(I) oxide
一氧化二氮化学式
CAS
97485-25-1;10024-97-2;2227102-37-4
化学式
N2O
mdl
——
分子量
44.0128
InChiKey
GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 物理描述:
    Nitrous oxide, refrigerated liquid appears as a colorless liquid. Density 1.22 g / cm3 at its boiling point of -89°C. Boils to give a colorless gas that is sweet-smelling and moderately toxic. The gas has narcotic effects when inhaled (laughing gas). Shipped under refrigeration. Vapor pressure is at about 745 psig at 70°F. Used to freeze foods and to manufacture other chemicals.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Colorless gas [Note: Shipped as a liquified compressed gas]
  • 气味:
    Slightly sweetish
  • 味道:
    Slightly sweetish
  • 沸点:
    -88.46 °C
  • 熔点:
    -90.81 °C
  • 溶解度:
    At 20 °C and 2 atm one liter of the gas dissolves in 1.5 liters of water
  • 密度:
    1.266 at -128.2 °F (USCG, 1999)
  • 蒸汽密度:
    1.53 (Air = 1) (gas)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    4.29X10+4 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    Stable under recommended storage conditions.
  • 分解:
    This compound decomposes explosively at high temperatures.
  • 粘度:
    0.0145 cP at 25 °C at 101.325 KPa (gas)
  • 汽化热:
    16.54 kJ/mol at -88.48 °C
  • 表面张力:
    1.75 dynes/cm at 20 °C in contact with vapor
  • 电离电位:
    12.89 eV
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.000516 at 0 °C/D, 1 atmosphere, 0.5893 um
  • 保留指数:
    182;182

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    0.5
  • 重原子数:
    3
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    19.1
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    2

ADMET

代谢
氧化亚氮在人体组织中不会通过酶的作用进行生物转化...
Nitrous oxide is not biotransformed by enzymatic action in human tissue ... .
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
一氧化二氮的识别和用途:一氧化二氮是一种稳定、无刺激性的无色气体,带有轻微的甜味和气味。它被用作牙科和手术中的麻醉剂,食品气雾剂的推进气体,以及泄漏检测。人类暴露和毒性:吸入一氧化二氮后主要的并发症是不同程度的低氧血症,影响心脏和大脑的功能。这可能与低血压、致命的心律失常、头痛、眩晕、缺氧性脑损伤、脑水肿和永久性精神缺陷有关。慢性暴露可能导致神经学和血液学变化,包括巨幼红细胞性贫血和与脊髓亚急性联合退变相似的神经系统特征。由于骨髓抑制的风险,一氧化二氮不应连续使用超过24小时。在高浓度一氧化二氮诱导过程中,肺部的氧气迅速耗尽,缺氧和增加的呼吸努力导致组织中的二氧化碳迅速耗尽。二氧化碳的缺失和麻醉剂对脑干中枢的抑制很快导致呼吸衰竭,罕见的是,患者的大脑功能未能从长时间的缺氧性损伤中恢复。一氧化二氮对呼吸道无害且无刺激性,但超过50 ppm的浓度会降低灵巧性、认知能力以及视听觉和运动技能。在15名患者中,长期重度暴露于一氧化二氮后,出现了类似于脊髓亚急性联合退变的神经学表现。两名患者在使用掺有氮氧化物的一氧化二氮麻醉后,出现了以发绀、低血压和高铁血红蛋白血症为症状的中毒表现。一氧化二氮可能会产生心理依赖。一名11岁女孩在麻醉过程中因使用一氧化二氮而诱导出恶性高热。流行病学研究没有显示出对人类有致癌性的确凿证据。接触一氧化二氮的女性的自然流产率有所增加。有研究表明,孕妇接触一氧化二氮后,其后代出现先天性异常的几率增加,以及接触男性的妻子自然流产的几率增加。在一项回顾性研究中,175名孕期使用一氧化二氮的孕妇中没有发现不良反应。通过使用单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星试验),确定了循环人白细胞中一氧化二氮对DNA损伤的影响:与无一氧化二氮麻醉相比,一氧化二氮增加了DNA损伤。动物研究:用70%一氧化二氮镇静会显著但暂时地降低皮层甲硫氨酸合成酶的活性,但在老年大鼠中会导致持续的空间工作记忆障碍。怀孕大鼠接触一氧化二氮已导致胎儿死亡、骨骼畸形和各种宏观病变。在妊娠第9天,将怀孕猫暴露于麻醉浓度的一氧化二氮-氧气混合物中,会导致胎儿吸收和各种骨骼异常。在小鼠中已经证明了身体依赖性和戒断反应。在长期研究中,暴露于低浓度一氧化二氮的大鼠没有发现肿瘤增加。生态毒性研究:当新受精的虹鳟鱼(Salmo gairdneri)卵在受精后0-30或0-60分钟内,在升高压力(11个大气压)下暴露于一氧化二氮时,诱导了高三倍体率(>90%)。在较长时间暴露后,三倍体产量降低。在较低压力(5个大气压)下暴露后,三倍体率和因此三倍体产量降低。在1个大气压下处理卵子没有改变三倍体率。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Nitrous Oxide is a stable, non-irritating colorless gas with slightly sweetish odor and taste. It is used as anesthetic in dentistry and surgery, propellant gas in food aerosols, leak detection. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The main complication following inhalation of nitrous oxide is varying degrees of hypoxia, affecting the functions of the heart and the brain. This may be associated with hypotension, fatal cardiac arrhythmias, headache, dizziness, anoxic brain damage, cerebral edema and permanent mental deficit. Chronic exposure can cause neurological and hematological changes including megaloblastic erythropoiesis and neurological features similar to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Nitrous oxide should not be administered for more than 24 hours because of the risk of bone marrow depression. During induction with high concentrations of nitrous oxide, the oxygen in the lungs is rapidly used up and the anoxia with increased respiratory effort causes rapid depletion of carbon dioxide in the issues. Absence of carbon dioxide and depression of the medullary centers by the anesthetic quickly lead to respiratory failure, and rarely, the patient's cerebral function fails to recover from cerebral damage caused by the prolonged anoxia. Nitrous oxide is harmless and non-irritating to the respiratory tract, but concentrations over 50 ppm reduce dexterity, cognition and motor and audiovisual skills. Neurological manifestations similar to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord were reported following prolonged heavy exposure to nitrous oxide in 15 patients. Poisoning manifested by symptoms such as cyanosis, hypotension and methemoglobinemia occurred in two patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide contaminated with nitric oxide. Psychological dependency on nitrous oxide may occur. Malignant hyperthermia induced by nitrous oxide anesthesia was reported in an eleven year-old girl. No convincing evidence of carcinogenicity in man has been shown by epidemiological studies. The incidence of spontaneous abortion is increased among women exposed to nitrous oxide. It has been suggested, that there is an increased incidence of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women exposed during pregnancy and of spontaneous abortion in the wives of exposed men. No adverse effects were found in a retrospective study of 175 pregnancies during which nitrous oxide was administered. By using single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), the effect of nitrous oxide on DNA damage in circulating human leukocytes was determined: nitrous oxide increased DNA damage compared with nitrous oxide-free anesthesia. ANIMAL STUDIES: Sedation with 70% nitrous oxide profoundly, but transiently, reduces the activity of cortical methionine synthase but produces lasting impairment in spatial working memory in aged rats. Exposure of pregnant rats to nitrous oxide has caused fetal death, skeletal malformations and various macroscopic lesions. Exposure of pregnant cats on 9th day of gestation to anesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide-oxygen produces fetal resorption and various skeletal anomalies. Physical dependency and withdrawal have been demonstrated in mice. A long-term study in rats exposed to low concentrations of nitrous oxide did not find increase of neoplasia. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: High triploid rates (> 90%) were induced when newly fertilized rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) eggs were exposed to nitrous oxide at elevated pressure (11 atm) for 0-30 or 0-60 min following fertilization. The triploid yield was lowered following exposure for the longer time period. Triploid rates and therefore triploid yields were reduced following exposure at a lower pressure (5 atm). Treatment of eggs at 1 atm caused no alteration in the triploidy rate.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A4;不可归类为人类致癌物。
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响
◉ 母乳喂养期间使用概述:由于一氧化二氮在母亲体内的血清半衰期短,且药物预期不会被婴儿吸收,因此不需要等待期或弃奶。一些证据表明,初产妇在分娩过程中使用吸入一氧化二氮进行镇痛的母乳喂养成功率高于未使用的母亲。如果作为全身麻醉的一部分使用,可以在母亲从麻醉中恢复到足以哺乳的程度时立即恢复哺乳。当手术中使用多种麻醉剂组合时,请遵循手术期间使用的最具问题性药物的建议。 ◉ 对哺乳婴儿的影响:截至修订日期,没有找到相关的已发布信息。 ◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响:一项对接受剖宫产的女性进行的随机但非盲的研究比较了硬脊膜外麻醉使用布比卡因与全身麻醉使用静脉注射硫喷妥钠4 mg/kg和琥珀酰胆碱1.5 mg/kg诱导,随后使用一氧化二氮和异氟醚。首次哺乳的时间硬脊膜外麻醉组显著短于全身麻醉组(107分钟对228分钟)。这种差异可能是由于麻醉对婴儿的影响,因为全身麻醉组婴儿的Apgar评分和神经适应性评分显著较低。目前尚不清楚一氧化二氮在这种结果差异中扮演了什么角色。 一项回顾性数据库研究发现,接受一氧化二氮-氧气混合物进行分娩镇痛的初产妇在产后48小时哺乳的可能性高于未接受一氧化二氮的女性。当所有女性被纳入分析时,并未发现这种相关性。 在一项非随机、非盲的回顾性研究中,选择了62位选择使用50%一氧化二氮和氧气进行分娩镇痛的女性与124位未在分娩过程中接受气体镇痛的对照组进行比较。研究中的大多数女性是初产妇。未报告使用其他分娩药物。使用一氧化二氮的女性在出院后7天、产后1个月和产后3个月的哺乳率和纯母乳喂养率高于未使用的女性。 一项随机研究比较了静脉注射美沙酮50 mg与吸入一氧化二氮进行分娩镇痛。接受一氧化二氮的母亲在出生后立即能够哺乳的比例较高(95%对88%),但差异无统计学意义。在分娩后24小时的哺乳率或配方奶使用方面没有差异。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Because the serum half-life of nitrous oxide in the mother is short and the drug is not expected to be absorbed by the infant, no waiting period or discarding of milk is required. Some evidence indicates that primiparous mothers who use inhaled nitrous oxide during labor for analgesia have better breastfeeding success than mothers who do not. If used as part of general anesthesia, breastfeeding can be resumed as soon as the mother has recovered sufficiently from anesthesia to nurse. When a combination of anesthetic agents is used for a procedure, follow the recommendations for the most problematic medication used during the procedure. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:A randomized, but nonblinded, study in women undergoing cesarean section compared epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine to general anesthesia with intravenous thiopental 4 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg for induction followed by nitrous oxide and isoflurane. The time to the first breastfeed was significantly shorter (107 vs 228 minutes) with the epidural anesthesia than with general anesthesia. This difference was probably caused by the anesthesia's effects on the infant, because the Apgar and neurologic and adaptive scores were significantly lower in the general anesthesia group of infants. It is not known what part nitrous oxide played in this difference in outcome. A retrospective database study found that primiparous women who receive a nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture for pain during delivery in addition to routine analgesia were more likely to be breastfeeding their infants at 48 hours postpartum than women who did not receive nitrous oxide. This correlation was not found when all women were included in the analysis. In a nonrandomized, nonblinded retrospective study, 62 women who chose labor with gas analgesia with 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen were compared to a control group of 124 women who did not receive gas analgesia during labor. Most of the women in the study were primiparous. Use of other labor medications was not reported. Women who received nitrous oxide had higher rates of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding than those who did not at 7 days after discharge, at 1 month postpartum, and at 3 months postpartum. A randomized study compared intravenous meperidine 50 mg to inhaled nitrous oxide for labor analgesia. A higher percentage of mothers receiving nitrous oxide were able to breastfeed immediately after birth (95% vs 88%), but the difference was not statistically significant. There were no differences in breastfeeding rates at 24 hours after delivery or formula use.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
这种物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
吸入,皮肤和/或眼睛接触(液体)
inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
吸收、分配和排泄
血液/气体分配系数较低,大部分吸入的氧化亚氮会通过肺部迅速排出,尽管有少量会通过皮肤扩散。
The blood/gas partition coefficient is low and most of the inhaled nitrous oxide is rapidly eliminated through the lungs, though small amounts diffuse through the skin.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
氧化亚氮具有很强的脂溶性,能够迅速被吸收并分布到全身,特别是富含血管的区域,包括大脑、心脏、肾脏、肠系膜循环和内分泌腺。在最初的1到2分钟内,氧化亚氮的摄取速率大约为1.0升/分钟(在吸入浓度为80%的情况下),随后的摄取速率与时间的平方根成反比。氧化亚氮相对不活泼,且在血液中溶解度较低。在实验动物中,几乎没有检测到肝脏或肾脏的代谢,尽管肠道细菌可以将少量吸入的氧化亚氮还原为氮气。少量吸入的氧化亚氮也会通过皮肤和尿液排出。
/Nitrous oxide/ is highly lipid soluble and rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body, particularly the vessel-rich regions, including the brain, heart, kidney, splanchnic circulation, and endocrine glands. The rate of nitrous oxide uptake during the first 1 or 2 min is about 1.0 L/min (at an inspired concentrations of 80%), with later uptake inversely proportional to the square root of time. /Nitrous oxide/ is relatively nonreactive and poorly soluble in blood. ... Little hepatic or renal metabolism is detectable in experimental animals, although intestinal bacteria can reduce small quantities of inhaled /nitrous oxide/ to nitrogen gas. Small amounts of inhaled /nitrous oxide/ are also eliminated through the skin and urine.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
胎盘传输数据:出现于胎儿体内的时间,6分钟;胎儿/母体浓度比,0.6。/来自表格/
Placental transmission data: time to appear in fetus, 6 minutes; fetal/maternal concentration ratio, 0.6. /From table/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
外科麻醉的浓度:吸入氧化亚氮浓度80-85%;血液中水平30-50毫克/100毫升;分配系数:血/气0.47;脑/血1.1;油/血3;血液通过肺(肺泡张力)的清除率63%。
Concentration for surgical anesthesia: nitrous oxide-inhaled concn 80-85%; blood level 30-50 mg/100 mL; partition coefficients: blood/air 0.47; brain/blood 1.1; oil/blood 3; clearance rate of blood passing lung (alveolar tension) 63%.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
氧化亚氮几乎完全通过肺部消除,只有极少量通过皮肤扩散。氧化亚氮不会在人体组织中通过酶的作用进行生物转化,被吸收的氧化亚氮中有99.9%以原样不变的形式被消除。
Nitrous oxide is almost completely eliminated by the lungs, with some minimal diffusion through the skin. Nitrous oxide is not biotransformed by enzymatic action in human tissue, and 99.9% of absorbed nitrous oxide is eliminated unchanged.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    2.2

制备方法与用途

制备方法

1.热解法 加热硝酸铵或加热无水硝酸钠与硫酸铵的混合物,生成的气体经精制、压缩、冷却、干燥、液化等工序,制得一氧化二氮成品。 2.催化氧化法 氨与空气在催化剂存在条件下发生催化氧化反应,生成的气体经精制得到粗一氧化二氮气体。该气体经压缩、高压水洗,再经压缩、干燥、液化工序,制得液体一氧化二氮产品。 3.市场上可以买到麻醉用一氧化二氮。实验室常用热分解NH4NO3制得。将纯硝酸铵放在烘箱中烘至160~170℃,令其完全脱水后,放入干燥器中凝固。将它研细装入带有支管的圆底烧瓶中。烧瓶颈上缠绕加热线圈,不让分解反应中生成的水冷凝回到熔融的反应物里。烧瓶支管接上一冰冷阱,使生成的水大部分冷凝下来。将烧瓶放在铁丝网上小心地加热,反应在170℃开始,温度不可超过250℃,以防止分解为N2和NO的反应发生。因为这是放热反应,应避免加热过急和反应物的量过多,否则有可能变成爆炸反应。生成的N2O用50%的KOH溶液洗涤。若有必要,微量的氧气可用连二亚硫酸盐的碱性溶液除去。 4.以纯度为95%~97%的一氧化二氮为原料,经常温吸附和低温下数次间歇抽空,可制得纯度达99.998%的高纯一氧化二氮产品。采用硝酸铵加热分解法可制取粗一氧化二氮,易分离和净化,再经提纯可得到高纯产品。反应式如下。

合成制备方法

1.热解法 加热硝酸铵或加热无水硝酸钠与硫酸铵的混合物,生成的气体经精制、压缩、冷却、干燥、液化等工序,制得一氧化二氮成品。

2.催化氧化法 氨与空气在催化剂存在条件下发生催化氧化反应,生成的气体经精制得到粗一氧化二氮气体。该气体经压缩、高压水洗,再经压缩、干燥、液化工序,制得液体一氧化二氮产品。

3.市场上可以买到麻醉用一氧化二氮。实验室常用热分解NH4NO3制得。将纯硝酸铵放在烘箱中烘至160~170℃,令其完全脱水后,放入干燥器中凝固。将它研细装入带有支管的圆底烧瓶中。烧瓶颈上缠绕加热线圈,不让分解反应中生成的水冷凝回到熔融的反应物里。烧瓶支管接上一冰冷阱,使生成的水大部分冷凝下来。将烧瓶放在铁丝网上小心地加热,反应在170℃开始,温度不可超过250℃,以防止分解为N2和NO的反应发生。因为这是放热反应,应避免加热过急和反应物的量过多,否则有可能变成爆炸反应。生成的N2O用50%的KOH溶液洗涤。若有必要,微量的氧气可用连二亚硫酸盐的碱性溶液除去。

4.以纯度为95%~97%的一氧化二氮为原料,经常温吸附和低温下数次间歇抽空,可制得纯度达99.998%的高纯一氧化二氮产品。采用硝酸铵加热分解法可制取粗一氧化二氮,易分离和净化,再经提纯可得到高纯产品。反应式如下。

用途简介

1.超临界溶剂。单独或与氧气混合用作牙科、外科和妇产科的麻醉剂。也可用作防腐剂、制冷剂、助燃剂、烟雾喷射剂。食品工业作为发泡剂和食品的密封剂。电子工业用于二氧化硅的化学气相沉积等离子工艺。军火工业用作推进剂。还可用于气密性检查、原子吸收光谱的载体等。检漏剂、制冷剂,以及用作原子吸收光谱用的助燃剂。 2.本产品用作医用麻醉剂、制冷剂、助燃剂、防腐剂、烟雾喷射剂、标准气和平衡气等,也用于半导体制造中的乳化CVD工序及气相淀积氮化硅的氮源。还可作为原子吸收光谱的氧化气体。 3.用于电子工业中二氧化硅的化学气相淀积等离子工艺。 4.用作医药麻醉剂、防腐剂,以及用于气密性检查。

用途

1.超临界溶剂。单独或与氧气混合用作牙科、外科和妇产科的麻醉剂。也可用作防腐剂、制冷剂、助燃剂、烟雾喷射剂。食品工业作为发泡剂和食品的密封剂。电子工业用于二氧化硅的化学气相沉积等离子工艺。军火工业用作推进剂。还可用于气密性检查、原子吸收光谱的载体等。检漏剂、制冷剂,以及用作原子吸收光谱用的助燃剂。

2.本产品用作医用麻醉剂、制冷剂、助燃剂、防腐剂、烟雾喷射剂、标准气和平衡气等,也用于半导体制造中的乳化CVD工序及气相淀积氮化硅的氮源。还可作为原子吸收光谱的氧化气体。

3.用于电子工业中二氧化硅的化学气相淀积等离子工艺。

4.用作医药麻醉剂、防腐剂,以及用于气密性检查。 [17]

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    一氧化二氮 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂, 生成 氧化亚氮
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Fe-MCM-41和Fe-ZSM-5的室温,N 2 O转化为吸附式NO的化学计量转换
    摘要:
    一氧化二氮(N 2 O)在室温和低压(> 10 -5 mbar)下与Fe-MCM-41和Fe-ZSM-5中的Fe(II)物种相互作用,形成吸附的一氧化氮。吸附的产物通过其特性但在这两种材料上的N = O拉伸频率不同而鉴定,并且还通过在T > 420 K下解吸后的化学发光分析来鉴定。提出了N 2 O分解的另一产物是氮。该分解在热力学上是有利的,这不仅是由于所形成的被吸附的NO的吸附热。直到T > 770 K时,才可能发生催化N 2 O分解,形成氮和氧,这可能是通过不同的机理引起的。
    DOI:
    10.1006/jcat.2000.3005
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    氧化亚氮一氧化碳 作用下, 生成 一氧化二氮
    参考文献:
    名称:
    REMARKABLE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF THERMALLY MODIFIED CoTPP SUPPORTED ON TiO2FOR NO-CO REACTION
    摘要:
    在250°C下经过真空预处理的精细TiO2-120s支撑的CoTPP表现出卓越的活性,即在100°C下用CO还原NO时,活性达到每摩尔钴每分钟2.2摩尔NO。预处理改变了CoTPP的结构,使其在苯中不溶,但在喹啉中仍可溶解。这种活性被认为源自热改性的二聚体CoTPP形式,该形式失去了大部分与适度脱水载体更良好相互作用的苯基。
    DOI:
    10.1246/cl.1984.217
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    一氧化二氮 作用下, 以 甲苯 为溶剂, 生成
    参考文献:
    名称:
    环糊精封装 (NHC)Cu-FeCp(CO)2 配合物中金属-金属键合的超分子扰动
    摘要:
    尽管二次配位层对催化活性位点的影响已被广泛认识,但这种相互作用对(异)双核活性位点的影响尚未得到全面研究。在这里,详细分析了环糊精封装对 (NHC)Cu-FeCp(CO) 2 部分的影响,已知该部分在多种转化中具有催化活性。与游离的 (NHC)CuFp 配合物 (Fp = FeCp(CO) 2 ) 相比,根据穆斯堡尔 (Mössbauer) 的理论,封装的 (NHC)CuFp 配合物被发现从类似 Fe(0) 转变为具有 Fe(II) 特征和红外光谱。根据 DFT 建模,电子结构的这种变化与 Fp 片段远离平面方向的金字塔化以及 (NHC)CuFp 复合物中常见的半桥 CO 相互作用的破坏相关。后一种变化部分归因于反静电 C-H·Cu 抑制相互作用的存在,由于几何限制,这种相互作用胜过半桥联的 Cu·CO 相互作用。这些综合因素导致其中一种 CO 配体产生类似 Fe(II) 的取代反应性,而
    DOI:
    10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00105
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文献信息

  • Onium ions. 34. The methoxydiazonium ion: preparation, proton, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 NMR and IR structural studies, theoretical calculations, and reaction with aromatics. Attempted preparation and the intermediacy of the hydroxydiazonium ion
    作者:George A. Olah、Rainer. Herges、Khosrow. Laali、Gerald A. Segal
    DOI:10.1021/ja00268a054
    日期:1986.4
    Nitrous oxide is methylated with CH/sub 3/F ..-->.. SbF/sub 5/F/sub 2/ or with CH/sub 3/O/sup +/SOClF in SO/sub 2/ClF to give the stable methoxydiazonium ion CH/sub 3/ON/sub 2//sup +/ (1), which was characterized by NMR (/sup 15/N, /sup 13/C, /sup 1/H) and FT IR spectroscopic studies. It is stable below -30 /sup 0/C, above which it decomposes, regenerating N/sub 2/O. When reacted with aromatics, such
    一氧化二氮用 CH/sub 3/F ..-->.. SbF/sub 5/F/sub 2/ 或用 CH/sub 3/O/sup +/SOClF 在 SO/sub 2/ClF 中甲基化得到稳定的甲氧基重氮离子 CH/sub 3/ON/sub 2//sup +/ (1),通过 NMR (/sup 15/N, /sup 13/C, /sup 1/H) 和 FT IR 光谱表征学习。它在低于 -30 /sup 0/C 时稳定,高于此温度会分解,再生 N/sub 2/O。当与芳烃(如甲苯)反应时,1 仅产生甲基化产物,不形成甲氧基衍生物。光谱和化学数据表明,中间体形式 CH/sub 3/ON=N/sup +/ 是 1. 考虑计算的电荷分布(4-31 G 与全几何优化和 4-31 G*) 也支持这个结论。还通过甲基偶氮氧基三氟甲磺酸酯的溶剂分解和甲氧基胺与 NO/sup +/BF/sub 4//sup -/
  • Selenols are resistant to irreversible modification by HNO
    作者:Christopher L. Bianco、Cathy D. Moore、Jon M. Fukuto、John P. Toscano
    DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.008
    日期:2016.10
    to be additional potential targets of HNO. Indeed, as determined in the current work, selenols are targeted by HNO. Such reactions appear to result only in formation of diselenide products, which can be easily reverted back to the free selenol. This characteristic is distinct from the reaction of HNO with thiols/thiolproteins. These findings suggest that, unlike thiolproteins, selenoproteins are resistant
    一氧化氮(NO)作为哺乳动物细胞内源性产生的信号传导物种的发现,引起了对氮氧化物化学生物学研究的巨大兴趣。其中,硝酰氧基(氮杂酮,HNO)作为心血管疾病的治疗剂具有潜在的作用。HNO的已知靶标包括血红素/血红素蛋白和含硫醇/含硫醇的蛋白。最近,由于它们在氧化还原信号传导和细胞防御中的作用,硒醇和硒蛋白也被认为是HNO的其他潜在靶标。确实,如当前工作所确定,硒醇是HNO的目标。这样的反应似乎仅导致二硒化物产物的形成,其可以容易地还原成游离硒醇。该特征不同于HNO与硫醇/硫醇蛋白的反应。
  • Investigation of the silicon beading phenomena during zone‐melting recrystallization
    作者:Z. A. Weinberg、V. R. Deline、T. O. Sedgwick、S. A. Cohen、C. F. Aliotta、G. J. Clark、W. A. Lanford
    DOI:10.1063/1.94242
    日期:1983.12.15
    During recrystallization of encapsulated silicon films on SiO2, by the graphite strip heater technique, the silicon sometimes breaks apart and agglomerates into small beads or stripes. By secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis, it was found that a high concentration of nitrogen at the interface between the silicon and the top SiO2 capping layer is needed to prevent this from occurring. Incorporation
    在 SiO2 上封装的硅膜再结晶过程中,通过石墨条加热器技术,硅有时会破裂并聚集成小珠或条。通过二次离子质谱分析,发现在硅和顶部 SiO2 覆盖层之间的界面处需要高浓度的氮来防止这种情况发生。发现将氢引入结晶环境会导致形成珠粒。通过扫描电子横截面显微镜研究珠形成的初始阶段。
  • Effect of Oxidants on the Oxidative Coupling of Methane over a Lead Oxide Catalyst
    作者:Kenji Asami、Tsutomu Shikada、Kaoru Fujimoto
    DOI:10.1246/bcsj.64.266
    日期:1991.1
    Oxidative coupling of methane was studied over a PbO/MgO catalyst using a variety of oxidants such as N2O, NO, CO2, and SO2. While N2O showed both high activity and selectivity for the title reaction, NO produced CO2, exclusively. The coupling reaction was assumed to proceed via the redox cycle of Pb and PbO on each oxidant mentioned above. Carbon dioxide produced small amounts of C2 hydrocarbons and
    使用各种氧化剂(如 N2O、NO、CO2 和 SO2)在 PbO/MgO 催化剂上研究了甲烷的氧化偶联。虽然 N2O 对标题反应显示出高活性和选择性,但 NO 仅产生 CO2。假设偶联反应通过 Pb 和 PbO 在上述每种氧化剂上的氧化还原循环进行。二氧化碳产生少量的 C2 碳氢化合物和 CO,而 SO2 对反应没有活性。氧气、N2O、CO2 可以氧化 PbO/MgO 与甲烷在 1023 K 下反应形成的 Pb/MgO。这样制备的 PbO/MgO 可以从甲烷中生成 C2 烃。即使在 CH4-NO 共进料反应中没有产生 C2 烃的 NO,也将 Pb/MgO 转化为 PbO/MgO,而 PbO/MgO 仅在与 CH4 反应时产生 C2 烃。NO似乎氧化甲基自由基,它是与 CO2 偶联反应的中间体。SO2 作为氧化剂的无效性归因于 PbS 的形成,而 PbS 在甲烷活化中是无活性的。
  • Group 8 and 10 hyponitrite and dinitrosyl complexes
    作者:Navamoney Arulsamy、D. Scott Bohle、Jerome A. Imonigie、Raecca C. Moore
    DOI:10.1016/j.poly.2007.05.009
    日期:2007.10
    (PPh3)2M(NO)2. The structures of Ru(dppf)(NO)2 and Os(dppe)(NO)2 have been determined. These two analogous families of cis-hyponitrite and dinitrosyl complexes illustrate the balance of metal dn electron count and nitrosyl redox state with one having linear nitrosyls bound to low valent metal centers, and the former having coupled N 2 O 2 2 - ligands bound to a higher oxidation state metal center.
    先前已证明,通过用钠-(-处理相应的LnMCl2衍生物很容易制得二价10号金属的顺式-半锂盐络合物LnM(N2O2)(M = Ni,Pt; Ln = PPh3,PPh2Me,dppe和dppf)。 Z)-1- 4-(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基环己二壬基)}重氮-1-1,2-二醇酸酯。这些络合物采用具有氧结合的螯合平面顺-亚硝酸盐配体的抗磁性正方形平面几何形状。它们易于在室温下制备,但在90°C以上会热分解并释放出一氧化二氮。亲电子试剂(例如碘,三氟甲磺酸甲酯和盐酸)也与顺-亚锂盐配合物迅速反应,生成一氧化二氮。这些先前制备的配合物之一(PPh3)2Pt(N2O2)的结构已在-100°C下重新确定为二氯甲烷溶剂化物,具有更高的精密度。相关的四面体第8组二亚硝酰基配合物(PPh3)2M(NO)2(M = Ru,Os; Ln = PPh3,dppe和dppf)已被重新检查,并通过在相应的配体
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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mass
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ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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