Butyronitrile appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 76°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used in the manufacture of other chemicals.
颜色/状态：
Colorless liquid
气味：
Sharp, suffocating odor.
沸点：
117.6 °C
熔点：
-111.9 °C
闪点：
76 (24 °C) °F (OPEN CUP)
溶解度：
In water, 33,000 mg/l at 25 °C.
密度：
0.8091 @ 0 °C/4 °C
蒸汽密度：
2.4 (Air= 1)
蒸汽压力：
19.5 mm Hg @ 25 °C
亨利常数：
5.23e-05 atm-m3/mole
自燃温度：
935 °F (501 °C)
分解：
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CN- /nitrogen oxides and cyanides/.
Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
这种物质可以通过口服、吸入和皮肤接触被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion, by inhalation and through the skin.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
150 MG/KG ADMIN IP TO RATS. HIGHEST ACCUMULATIONS OF BUTYRONITRILE & CYANIDES OCCURRED IN LIVER, STOMACH, INTESTINES, KIDNEYS, & TESTIS. BUTYRONITRILE WAS ELIMINATED IN URINE IN VERY SMALL QUANTITIES, & THIS ELIMINATION WAS SLOW.
All organs were found to contain n-butyronitrile, free hydrogen cyanide and combined cyanide. The highest average concentration of n-butyronitrile was found in the lungs, the highest free HCN concentrations were in the heart and brain. Similar findings, in an expected dose-response manner, were found after lower doses of the compound.
申请人：KNU-Industry Cooperation Foundation 강원대학교산학협력단(220040088571) BRN ▼221-82-10213
公开号：KR102037409B1
公开（公告）日：2019-10-28
2개 이상의 질소와 셀레늄이 고리 원소를 이루는 방향족 고리 화합물인 반응물질 1과, 적어도 이중 결합 이상의 결합을 갖는 반응물질 2를 로듐 촉매 반응 하에 반응시키는 단계; 및 상기 반응에 따라 상기 2개 이상의 질소위치에 상기 이중 결합 이상의 결합을 갖는 원소가 고리 원소로 첨가되어 셀레늄 고리 화합물이 합성되는 단계를 포함하며, 상기 반응물질 1 이고, 상기 반응물질 2는 알카인, 알켄, 나이트릴, 다이엔 결합 중 어느 하나를 포함하는 화합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 셀레늄 고리 화합물 합성 방법이 제공된다. (상기 R1, R2는 각각 수소, 할로겐기, 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬기, 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알케닐기, 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알키닐기, 탄소수 6 내지 12의 치환되거나 치환되지 않은 아릴기, 치환되거나 치환되지 않은 탄소수 5 내지 12의 헤테로아릴기 및 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬옥시로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나이며, 상기 R1과 R2는 서로 연결되어 융합고리를 형성될 수 있음)
Synthesis and enzymic activity of 6-carbethoxy- and 6-ethoxy-3,7-disubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and related derivatives as adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors
作者：Robert H. Springer、M. B. Scholten、Darrell E. O'Brien、Thomas Novinson、Jon P. Miller、Roland K. Robins
DOI：10.1021/jm00345a009
日期：1982.3
3,7-disubstituted 6-carbethoxypyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidines and 3,7-disubstituted 6-ethoxypyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidines have been prepared and evaluated as adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors vs. the low Km enzyme isolated from beef heart, rabbit lung, and kidney preparations. The results were found to be between 0.5 to 13 times as potent as theophylline as inhibitors
Metal-free photoinduced C(sp3)–H borylation of alkanes
作者：Chao Shu、Adam Noble、Varinder K. Aggarwal
DOI：10.1038/s41586-020-2831-6
日期：2020.10.29
precious-metal catalysts for C-H bond cleavage and, as a result, display high selectivity for borylation of aromatic C(sp2)-H bonds over aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds4. Here we report a mechanistically distinct, metal-free borylation using hydrogen atom transfer catalysis5, in which homolytic cleavage of C(sp3)-H bonds produces alkylradicals that are borylated by direct reaction with a diboron reagent. The reaction
