A solid, particulate catalyst comprising: (i) a complex of formula (I) wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from —R
′2
C—, —R′
2
C—CR′
2
—, —R′
2
Si—, —R′
2
Si—SiR′
2
—, —R′
2
Ge—, wherein each R′ is independently a hydrogen atom, C1-C20-hydrocarbyl, tri(C1-C20-alkyl)silyl, C6-C20-aryl, C7-C20-arylalkyl or C7-C20-alkylaryl; each R
1
is a C4-C20 hydrocarbyl radical branched at the β-atom to the cyclopentadienyl ring, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 14-16, or is a C3-C20 hydrocarbyl radical branched at the β-atom to the cyclopentadienyl ring where the β-atom is an Si-atom; each R
18
is a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radical optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 14-16; each R
4
is a hydrogen atom or a C
1-6
-hydrocarbyl radical; each W is a 5 or 6 membered aryl or heteroaryl ring wherein each atom of said ring is optionally substituted with at least one R
5
group; each R
5
is the same or different and is a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radical optionally containing one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 14-16; and optionally two adjacent R
5
groups taken together can form a further mono or multicyclic ring condensed to W optionally substituted by one or two groups R
5
; and each R
7
is a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radical; and (ii) a cocatalyst, preferably comprising an organometallic compound of a Group 13 metal.
一种固体颗粒催化剂,包括:(i)公式(I)的复合物,其中M为
锆或
铪;每个X为σ
配体;L为二价桥,选自-R'2C-、-R'2C-CR'2-、-R'2Si-、-R'2Si-SiR'2-、-R'2Ge-,其中每个R'独立地为氢原子、C1-C20烃基、三(C1-C20-烷基)
硅基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20芳基烷基或C7-C20烷基芳基;每个R1为分支在
环戊二烯基环的β原子处的C4-C20烃基基团,可选地包含属于14-16族的一个或多个杂原子,或者为分支在
环戊二烯基环的β原子处的C3-C20烃基基团,其中β原子为Si原子;每个R18为可选地含有属于14-16族的一个或多个杂原子的C1-C20烃基基团;每个R4为氢原子或C1-6烃基基团;每个W为5或6元芳基或杂芳基环,其中该环的每个原子可选择地被至少一个R5基团取代;每个R5相同或不同,为可选地含有属于14-16族的一个或多个杂原子的C1-C20烃基基团;并且可选地,相邻的两个R5基团组成进一步的单环或多环环,与可选择地被一个或两个R5基团取代的W相接;每个R7为C1-C20烃基基团;以及(ii)辅助催化剂,优选地包括第13族
金属的有机
金属化合物。