Novel compounds of the structural formula (I), and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are agonists of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and may be useful in the treatment, prevention and suppression of diseases mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor 40. The compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and of conditions that are often associated with this disease, including obesity and lipid disorders, such as mixed or diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.
A biocatalytic method is provided for preparing p-vinyl phenols by a three-step, one-pot reaction according to the following reaction scheme:
wherein the three steps include: (a) optionally substituted phenol (1) is bound to pyruvic acid (BTS) to form optionally substituted tyrosine (2) by the catalytic action of a tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL) and in the presence of ammonium ions, (b) ammonia is eliminated from tyrosine (2) by the catalytic action of a tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) or a phenyl ammonia-lyase (PAL) to produce optionally substituted p-coumaric acid (3), and (c) p-coumaric acid (3) is subjected to a decarboxylation reaction by the catalytic action of a phenolic acid decarboxylase (PAD), to produce the desired, optionally substituted p-vinyl phenol (4); and (d) wherein the generated CO
2
is removed from the reaction system to shift the chemical equilibrium of all three reaction steps (a), (b) and (c) towards the product side.
Vinylation of Unprotected Phenols Using a Biocatalytic System
作者:Eduardo Busto、Robert C. Simon、Wolfgang Kroutil
DOI:10.1002/anie.201505696
日期:2015.9.7
conditions to afford the corresponding para‐vinylphenolderivatives while releasing only one molecule of CO2 and water as the by‐products. This transformation was achieved by designing a biocatalytic system that combines three biocatalytic steps, namely the CC coupling of phenol and pyruvate in the presence of ammonia, which leads to the corresponding tyrosine derivative, followed by deamination and decarboxylation
Novel compounds of the structural formula (I), and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are agonists of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and may be useful in the treatment, prevention and suppression of diseases mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor 40. The compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and of conditions that are often associated with this disease, including obesity and lipid disorders, such as mixed or diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.
FLUORINE-CONTAINING CROSSLINKABLE ELASTOMER COMPOSITION AND CROSSLINKED PRODUCT THEREOF
申请人:Asahi Glass Company, Limited
公开号:EP3031856A1
公开(公告)日:2016-06-15
To provide a crosslinkable fluorinated elastomer composition which is excellent in crosslinking reactivity and of which a crosslinked product is excellent in heat resistance and chemical resistance. The crosslinkable fluorinated elastomer composition comprises a fluorinated elastomer (e.g. a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer) and an aromatic compound having at least two crosslinkable unsaturated double bonds (e.g. a compound represented by the formula (A-1)), and the crosslinked product is one obtained by crosslinking the crosslinkable fluorinated elastomer composition.