An Anionic Nucleophilic Catalyst System for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans-β-Lactams
摘要:
[GRAPHICS]Trans-disubstituted beta-lactams show increasing utility and prominence in numerous pharmaceutical applications, making their asymmetric synthesis an attractive goal for chemists. We introduce an anionic, nucleophilic catalyst system that provides an efficient, diastereoselective route to trans-disubstituted beta-lactams, a complement to our previously described catalytic methodology for generating the corresponding cis diastereomers. This catalytic, "switch mechanism" process allows for flexibility in the stereoselective synthesis of beta-lactams, producing either cis or trans products as desired from the same substrates.
Bicarbonate Salts as Cost-Effective Bases for the Synthesis of Ketenes and Their Synthetic Equivalents Applied to the Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Lactams
作者:Thomas Lectka、Meha H. Shah、Stefan France
DOI:10.1055/s-2003-41497
日期:——
of bicarbonate salts as viable alternatives to more expensive bases for the in situ generation of ketenes and their synthetic equivalents. We have successfully applied this to the catalytic, asymmetricsynthesis of β-lactams.
Asymmetric Catalysis on Sequentially-Linked Columns
作者:Ahmed M. Hafez、Andrew E. Taggi、Travis Dudding、Thomas Lectka
DOI:10.1021/ja016556j
日期:2001.11.1
We report a catalytic asymmetric reaction process that involves the use of solid-phase reagents and catalysts that constitute the packing of a series of "reaction columns". This process was applied to the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of beta -lactams, to yield pure products with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity. We have identified several advantages to conducting chemical reactions on sequential columns, including ease of catalyst and reagent recovery and simplified purification steps that preclude the need for chromatography.
Molecular mechanics calculations as predictors of enantioselectivity for chiral nucleophile catalyzed reactions
作者:Andrew E. Taggi、Ahmed M. Hafez、Travis Dudding、Thomas Lectka
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00987-0
日期:2002.10
We present molecular mechanics (MM) calculations as models of activated complexes for the beta-lactam forming [2+2] cycloaddition between imino ester 4 and the zwitterionic intermediates derived from ketenes and various chiral nucleophilic catalysts. Our method employs the use of Monte Carlo conformational searches utilizing the MMFF force field contained within the Macromodel program. These models accurately predict the sense of stereochemical induction observed experimentally. Also, the predicted energetic differences for minima leading to (R) or (S)-derived ketene facial selectivity correlate in a general sense with the magnitude of the enantioselectivity. This work establishes that our approach represents a viable method for the design of new nucleophilic catalysts a priori using MM calculations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.