METHOD OF PRODUCING GALLIUM PHTHALOCYANINE CRYSTAL AND METHOD OF PRODUCING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER USING THE METHOD OF PRODUCING GALLIUM PHTHALOCYANINE CRYSTAL
申请人:CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
公开号:US20130137032A1
公开(公告)日:2013-05-30
Provided is a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having improved sensitivity and capable of outputting an image having less image defects due to a ghost phenomenon not only under a normal-temperature, normal-humidity environment but also under a low-temperature, low-humidity environment as a particularly severe condition. The method of producing a gallium phthalocyanine crystal includes subjecting a gallium phthalocyanine and a specific amine compound, which are added to a solvent, to a milling treatment to perform crystal transformation of the gallium phthalocyanine. In addition, the gallium phthalocyanine crystal is used in the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
An Improved Method for the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Iodides
作者:Mayssam H. Ali、Stephen L. Buchwald
DOI:10.1021/jo0008486
日期:2001.4.1
Aryl iodides are coupled with amines to give the corresponding arylamines in high yield in the presence of palladium, a suitable ligand, and NaOt-Bu. Functionalized aryl iodides give good yields of the corresponding arylamines when Cs2CO3 is substituted as the base.
Study of a New Rate Increasing “Base Effect” in the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Iodides
作者:Caroline Meyers、Bert U. W. Maes、Kristof T. J. Loones、Gunther Bal、Guy L. F. Lemière、Roger A. Dommisse
DOI:10.1021/jo049774e
日期:2004.9.1
Evidence for an interphase deprotonation of Pd(II)-amine complexes with weak carbonate base has been gained for the first time. When a rate-limiting deprotonation step is involved in the catalytic cycle, controlling the structure (shape and size of the particles) and/or molar excess of the carbonate base used can significantly increase the reaction rate of Buchwald-Hartwig aminations. By taking such a "base effect" into account a general protocol for the intermolecular amination of aryl iodides with all types of amines has been developed based on a standard Pd-BINAP catalyst, using cesium carbonate as the base.