四氧化三铅

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 金属杂环化合物
• 中文名称: 四氧化三铅
• 中文别名: 氧化铅；红铅；红色氧化铅；红丹；C.I.颜料红105；铅丹；光明粉；光明丹；樟丹；四氧化铅；氧化铅(II,IV)
• 英文名称: trilead tetroxide
• 英文别名: lead tetroxide
• 化学式: O₄Pb₃
• 分子量: 685.598
• InChiKey: XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.42
• 重原子数：
  7
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  36.9
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

无机铅化合物的致癌性在人类中的证据有限。...在实验动物中，无机铅化合物的致癌性有足够的证据。在实验动物中，醋酸铅、次醋酸铅、铬酸铅和磷酸铅的致癌性有足够的证据。在实验动物中，氧化铅和砷酸铅的致癌性证据不足。...在实验动物中，铅粉的致癌性证据不足。总体评估无机铅化合物可能对人类具有致癌性（2A组）。/无机铅化合物/

There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of inorganic lead compounds. ... There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of inorganic lead compounds. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of lead acetate, lead subacetate, lead chromate, and lead phosphate. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of lead oxide and lead arsenate. ... There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of lead powder. Overall evaluation Inorganic lead compounds are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). /Inorganic lead compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

分类：B2；可能的人类致癌物。分类依据：充分的动物证据。十项大鼠生物测试和一项小鼠测试显示，通过饮食和皮下接触几种可溶性铅盐，肾肿瘤统计学上显著增加。动物测试在多个实验室、多种大鼠品系中提供了可重复的结果，并有部分多肿瘤位点的证据。短期研究表明铅影响基因表达。人类致癌性数据不足。人类致癌性数据：不足。动物致癌性数据：充分。/基于以前分类系统的铅和化合物（无机）/

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Sufficient animal evidence. Ten rat bioassays and one mouse assay have shown statisticlly significant increases in renal tumors with dietary and subcutaneous exposure to several soluble lead salts. Animal assays provide reproducible results in several laboratories, in multiple rat strains with some evidence of multiple tumor sites. Short term studies show that lead affects gene expression. Human evidence is inadequate. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. /Lead and Compounds (inorganic), Based on former classification system/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A3; 对动物已确认是致癌物，但对人类的相关性未知。/铅和铅的无机化合物，如 Pb/

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Lead and and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

铅及其化合物基于有限的人类致癌性研究和充分的实验动物致癌性研究，合理预期为人类致癌物。

Lead and lead compounds are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. /Lead and Lead compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

该物质可以通过吸入和摄入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

来源:ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)

吸收、分配和排泄

Azarcon是一种铅四氧化物盐，被墨西哥和墨西哥裔美国人群体用于治疗消化系统疾病。本研究中使用的azarcon样本的化学分析显示，它含有96%的铅，1%的钙，1%的其他少量金属，以及2%的未识别物质。考虑到铅吸收在单次口服给药100 mg/kg后估计为2%，可以提出azarcon成分之间的化学相互作用，因此，铅四氧化物的毒性在作为azarcon给药时与作为纯化合物给药时不同。目前的工作研究了这种可能性，结果如下。当比较纯铅四氧化物和azarcon的等剂量治疗（158 mg/kg/day p.o.，持续96小时）时，九个研究组织中有五个具有相似的铅浓度。然而，对于纯化合物，铅在骨骼和肠道中的水平更高；而使用azarcon时，铅在心脏和大脑中的水平更高。纯铅四氧化物治疗仅影响肝脏的脂质过氧化，但在接受azarcon治疗的肾脏和心脏中也发现了低诱导过氧化。在高剂量azarcon治疗的大鼠（1.1 g/kg/day p.o.，持续96小时）中，肝脏和肾脏损伤明显，而纯化合物的效果在类型上相似，但幅度较低。纯化合物形式的铅四氧化物抑制ALA-D的26%，而azarcon抑制了42%。

Azarcon, a lead tetroxide salt, is used among Mexican and Mexican-American populations for the treatment of digestive illness. Chemical analysis of the azarcon sample used in this study showed it to be 96% lead, 1% calcium, 1% other minor metals, and 2% unidentified material. Taking into account the fact that Pb absorption was estimated at 2% following a single oral administration of 100 mg/kg, it is possible to propose a chemical interaction between the components of azarcon, and as a result, the toxicity of Pb tetroxide would be different when given as azarcon than when given as a pure compound. The present work studied this possibility, with the following results. When the treatments of equal doses of pure Pb tetroxide and azarcon were compared (158 mg/kg/day p.o. for 96 hr), five of nine tissues studied had similar Pb concentrations. However, with the pure compound the Pb levels were higher in bone and intestines; while with azarcon the Pb levels were higher in heart and brain. The pure Pb tetroxide treatment affects lipid peroxidation only in liver, but a low induction of peroxidation was found also in kidney and heart in rats which received the azarcon treatment. Liver and kidney damage were evident in rats treated with a high dose of azarcon (1.1 g/kg/day p.o. for 96 hr), while the effects with the pure compound were similar in type but lower in magnitude. Pb tetroxide as a pure compound inhibits ALA-D by 26% while an inhibition of 42% was found with azarcon.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  四氧化三铅 、 N-methyl thiooxamic acid 、 2-(((5-甲基-1H-咪唑-4-基)甲基)硫代)乙胺 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 N-Methyl-N'-[2-(5-methyl-4-imidazolylmethylthio)ethyl]-amidinoformic acid hydrochloride 、 N-methyl-N'-[2-(5-methyl-4-imidazolylmethylthio)ethyl]amidinoformic acid hydrobromide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Amidinoformic and amidino-sulphinic acid derivatives

  摘要：

  本发明涉及组织胺H.sub.2-拮抗剂，包括amidinoformic酸和amidinosulphinic酸。本发明的两个具体化合物是N-[2-(5-甲基-4-咪唑基甲基硫基)-乙基]amidinoformic酸和N-甲基-N'-[2-(5-甲基-4-咪唑基甲基硫基)乙基]amidinosulphinic酸。

  公开号：

  US04118502A1

文献信息

• Amidinoformic and amidino-sulphinic acid derivatives
  申请人：Smith Kline & French Laboratories Limited

  公开号：US04118502A1

  公开（公告）日：1978-10-03

  Amidinoformic acids and amidinosulphinic acids which are histamine H.sub.2 -antagonists. Two specific compounds of the present invention are N-[2-(5-methyl-4-imidazolylmethylthio)-ethyl]amidinoformic acid and N-methyl-N'-[2-(5-methyl-4-imidazolylmethylthio)ethyl]amidinosulphinic acid.

  本发明涉及组织胺H.sub.2-拮抗剂，包括amidinoformic酸和amidinosulphinic酸。本发明的两个具体化合物是N-[2-(5-甲基-4-咪唑基甲基硫基)-乙基]amidinoformic酸和N-甲基-N'-[2-(5-甲基-4-咪唑基甲基硫基)乙基]amidinosulphinic酸。