Iodine-catalyzed aromatization of tetrahydrocarbazoles and its utility in the synthesis of glycozoline and murrayafoline A: a combined experimental and computational investigation
A new protocol for the aromatization of tetrahydrocarbazoles has been achieved using a catalytic amount of iodine. The role of iodine has been explained by DFT, and its scope is extended to the total synthesis of glycozoline and murrayafoline A.
Compounds of formula (I) are useful for the treatment of disease responsive to modulation of CRTH2 receptor activity, such as asthma, rhinitis, allergic airway syndrome, and allergic rhinobronchitis, wherein A represents a carboxyl group —COON, or a carboxyl bioisostere; A
1
, is hydrogen or methyl; ring Ar
1
is an optionally substituted phenyl ring 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring, in which AA
1
CHO— and L2 are linked to adjacent ring atoms; rings Are
2
, Ar
3
each independently represent a phenyl or 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring, or a bicyclic ring system consisting of a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which is benz-fused or fused to a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring, said ring or ring system being optionally substituted; t is 0 or 1; L2 and L3 are linker radicals as defined in the description.
Compounds of formula (I) are useful for the treatment of disease responsive to modulation of CRTH2 receptor activity, such as asthma, rhinitis, allergic airway syndrome, and allergic rhinobronchitis:
wherein A represents a carboxyl group —COOH, or a carboxyl bioisostere; A
1
is hydrogen or methyl; ring Ar
1
is an optionally substituted phenyl ring or 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring, in which AA
1
CHO— and L2 are linked to adjacent ring atoms; rings Ar
2
, Ar
3
each independently represent a phenyl or 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring, or a bicyclic ring system consisting of a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which is benz-fused or fused to a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring, said ring or ring system being optionally substituted; t is 0 or 1; L2 and L3 are linker radicals as defined in the description.
An efficient C–N cross-coupling approach for the synthesis of hydrazones was developed through C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H functionalization of indole and methylarene under visible light irradiation using photocatalyst eosin Y, ethanol:water as a green solvent and atmospheric air as an oxidant. With the aid of eosin Y, the C–H bonds of indole and methylarenes were activated followed by coupling with arylhydrazines