1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine | 123060-40-2

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 甘油磷脂
• 英文名称: 1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
• 英文别名: 2-azaniumylethyl [(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-tetradecanoyloxypropyl] phosphate
• CAS: 123060-40-2
• 化学式: C19H40NO7P
• 分子量: 425.5
• InChiKey: RPXHXZNGZBHSMJ-GOSISDBHSA-N

物化性质

• 溶解度：
  氯仿：可溶； DMF：可溶；二甲基亚砜：可溶
• 物理描述：
  Solid
• 碰撞截面：
  207.56 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TIMS, Method: single field calibrated]

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.3
• 重原子数：
  28
• 可旋转键数：
  21
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.95
• 拓扑面积：
  128
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  8

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine 生成 1-Tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-2,3-cyclic phosphate 、 2-amino-ethanol; protonated form
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Variable Substrate Preference among Phospholipase D Toxins from Sicariid Spiders

  摘要：

  Venoms of the sicariid spiders contain phospholipase D enzyme toxins that can cause severe dermonecrosis and even death in humans. These enzymes convert sphingolipid and lysolipid substrates to cyclic phosphates by activating a hydroxyl nucleophile present in both classes of lipid. The most medically relevant substrates are thought to be sphingomyelin and/or lysophosphatidylcholine. To better understand the substrate preference of these toxins, we used P-31 NMR to compare the activity of three related but phylogenetically diverse sicariid toxins against a diverse panel of sphingolipid and lysolipid substrates. Two of the three showed significantly faster turnover of sphingolipids over lysolipids, and all three showed a strong preference for positively charged (choline and/or ethanolamine) over neutral (glycerol and serine) headgroups. Strikingly, however, the enzymes vary widely in their preference for choline, the headgroup of both sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine, versus ethanolamine. An enzyme from Sicarius terrosus showed a strong preference for ethanolamine overcholine, whereas two paralogous enzymes from Loxosceles arizonica either preferred choline or showed no significant preference. Intrigued by the novel substrate preference of the Sicarius enzyme, we solved its crystal structure at 2.1 angstrom resolution. The evolution of variable substrate specificity may help explain the reduced dermonecrotic potential of some natural toxin variants, because mammalian sphingolipids use primarily choline as a positively charged headgroup; it may also be relevant for sicariid predatory behavior, because ethanolamine-containing sphingolipids are common in insect prey.

  DOI：

  10.1074/jbc.m115.636951

文献信息

• NANOPARTICLES AND NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS
  申请人：Zhao Yan

  公开号：US20130101516A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-04-25

  The invention provides multivalent surface-crosslinked micelle (SCM) particles, crosslinked reverse micelle (CRM) particles, and methods of making and using them. The SCM particles can be used, for example, to inhibit a virus or bacteria from binding to a host cell. The inhibition can be used in therapy for the flu, cancer, or AIDS. The CRM particles can be used, for example, to prepare metal nanoparticles or metal alloy nanoparticles, or they can be used in catalytic reactions.

  本发明提供了多价表面交联微胶粒（SCM）颗粒、交联反向微胶粒（CRM）颗粒，以及它们的制造和使用方法。例如，SCM颗粒可用于阻止病毒或细菌与宿主细胞结合。这种抑制作用可用于治疗流感、癌症或艾滋病。CRM颗粒可用于制备金属纳米颗粒或金属合金纳米颗粒，或用于催化反应。
• Identification of a Novel Lysophospholipid Acyltransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  作者：Shilpa Jain、NaTaza Stanford、Neha Bhagwat、Brian Seiler、Michael Costanzo、Charles Boone、Peter Oelkers

  DOI：10.1074/jbc.m706326200

  日期：2007.10

  The incorporation of unsaturated acyl chains into phospholipids during de novo synthesis is primarily mediated by the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase reaction. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Slc1 has been shown to mediate this reaction, but distinct activity remains after its removal from the genome. To identify the enzyme that mediates the remaining activity, we performed synthetic genetic array analysis using a slc1 Delta strain. One of the genes identified by the screen, LPT1, was found to encode for an acyltransferase that uses a variety of lysophospholipid species, including 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate. Deletion of LPT1 had a minimal effect on 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity, but overexpression increased activity 7-fold. Deletion of LPT1 abrogated the esterification of other lysophospholipids, and overexpression increased lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity 7-fold. The majority of this activity co-purified with microsomes. To test the putative role for this enzyme in selectively incorporating unsaturated acyl chains into phospholipids in vitro, substrate concentration series experiments were performed with the four acyl-CoA species commonly found in yeast. Although the saturated palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA showed a lower apparent Km, the monounsaturated palmitoleoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA showed a higher apparent V-max. Arachidonyl-CoA, although not abundant in yeast, also had a high apparent V-max. Pulse- labeling of lpt1 Delta strains showed a 30% reduction in [H-3] oleate incorporation into phosphatidylcholine only. Therefore, Lpt1p, a member of the membrane-bound o-acyltransferase gene family, seems to work in conjunction with Slc1 to mediate the incorporation of unsaturated acyl chains into the sn-2 position of phospholipids.
• US8790621B2
  申请人：——

  公开号：US8790621B2

  公开（公告）日：2014-07-29
• US9320713B2
  申请人：——

  公开号：US9320713B2

  公开（公告）日：2016-04-26
• Variable Substrate Preference among Phospholipase D Toxins from Sicariid Spiders
  作者：Daniel M. Lajoie、Sue A. Roberts、Pamela A. Zobel-Thropp、Jared L. Delahaye、Vahe Bandarian、Greta J. Binford、Matthew H.J. Cordes

  DOI：10.1074/jbc.m115.636951

  日期：2015.4

  Venoms of the sicariid spiders contain phospholipase D enzyme toxins that can cause severe dermonecrosis and even death in humans. These enzymes convert sphingolipid and lysolipid substrates to cyclic phosphates by activating a hydroxyl nucleophile present in both classes of lipid. The most medically relevant substrates are thought to be sphingomyelin and/or lysophosphatidylcholine. To better understand the substrate preference of these toxins, we used P-31 NMR to compare the activity of three related but phylogenetically diverse sicariid toxins against a diverse panel of sphingolipid and lysolipid substrates. Two of the three showed significantly faster turnover of sphingolipids over lysolipids, and all three showed a strong preference for positively charged (choline and/or ethanolamine) over neutral (glycerol and serine) headgroups. Strikingly, however, the enzymes vary widely in their preference for choline, the headgroup of both sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine, versus ethanolamine. An enzyme from Sicarius terrosus showed a strong preference for ethanolamine overcholine, whereas two paralogous enzymes from Loxosceles arizonica either preferred choline or showed no significant preference. Intrigued by the novel substrate preference of the Sicarius enzyme, we solved its crystal structure at 2.1 angstrom resolution. The evolution of variable substrate specificity may help explain the reduced dermonecrotic potential of some natural toxin variants, because mammalian sphingolipids use primarily choline as a positively charged headgroup; it may also be relevant for sicariid predatory behavior, because ethanolamine-containing sphingolipids are common in insect prey.