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氯化铊(I) | 15230-71-4

中文名称
氯化铊(I)
中文别名
氯化亚铊;氯化铊;一氯化铊;氯化鉈
英文名称
thallium(I) chloride
英文别名
thallium chloride;thallous chloride;thallium(1+);chloride
氯化铊(I)化学式
CAS
15230-71-4;7791-12-0;7440-28-0
化学式
ClTl
mdl
——
分子量
239.836
InChiKey
GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    430 °C(lit.)
  • 沸点:
    720 °C
  • 密度:
    7 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 溶解度:
    乙醇:不溶(加热)
  • 介电常数:
    a/nm
  • 暴露限值:
    b/nm
  • 物理描述:
    Thallous chloride is a white, crystalline powder, becomes violet on exposure to light. Used as a catalyst in chlorinations and in suntan lamps. (EPA, 1998)
  • 颜色/状态:
    WHITE, CRYSTALLINE POWDER
  • 蒸汽压力:
    10 mm Hg at 963 °F (NTP, 1992)
  • 折光率:
    INDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.247
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. **稳定性**:稳定。 2. **禁配物**:强酸、强氧化剂。 3. **避免接触的条件**:潮湿空气。 4. **聚合危害**:不聚合。

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.23
  • 重原子数:
    2
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
数据未找到
Data not found
来源:DrugBank
代谢
铊在体内所有组织中迅速分布。大部分铊通过粪便排出,但多达35%可能通过肾脏排出。(L2148)
Thallium is rapidly distributed throughout all tissues of the body. Most thallium is excreted by the faecal route but up to 35% may be excreted by the kidneys. (L2148)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
铊(I)化合物在水中有很高的溶解性,并且能够轻易通过皮肤被吸收。铊之所以具有高毒性,部分原因是当它以单价铊(I)离子(Tl+)的形式存在于水溶液中时,它与基本碱金属阳离子(特别是钾,因为原子半径相似)表现出一些相似性。因此,它可以通过钾的摄取途径进入人体。铊的化学性质在其他方面与碱金属截然不同,例如它对硫配体的高亲和力。因此,这种替代作用会干扰许多细胞过程(例如,铊可能会攻击含硫的蛋白质,如半胱氨酸残基和铁氧还蛋白)。2013年的一项研究发现,铊(I)诱导的肝毒性是该金属对线粒体呼吸复合物(I、II和IV)的干扰作用的结果,这是金属诱导活性氧物种形成和ATP耗竭的明显原因。后两个事件反过来通过打开线粒体渗透性转换孔和细胞色素c的排出触发细胞死亡信号。(A15464)
Thallium(I) compounds have a high aqueous solubility and are readily absorbed through the skin. Part of the reason for thallium's high toxicity is that, when present in aqueous solution as the univalent thallium(I) ion (Tl+), it exhibits some similarities with essential alkali metal cations, particularly potassium (due to similar atomic radii). It can thus enter the body via potassium uptake pathways. Other aspects of thallium's chemistry differ strongly from that of the alkali metals, such its high affinity for sulfur ligands. Thus this substitution disrupts many cellular processes (for instance, thallium may attack sulfur-containing proteins such as cysteine residues and ferredoxins). (Wikipedia) A 2013 study found evidence that the thallium(I)-induced liver toxicity is a result of the disruptive effect of this metal on the mitochondrial respiratory complexes (I, II, and IV), which are the obvious causes of metal-induced reactive oxygen species formation and ATP depletion. The latter two events, in turn, trigger cell death signaling via opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cytochrome c expulsion. (A15464)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
分类:D;无法归类为人类致癌性。分类依据:基于动物和人类致癌性数据的缺乏。人类致癌性数据:不足。动物致癌性数据:无。
CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on the lack of carcinogenicity data in animals and humans. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
在所有铊中毒的独特效应中,掉发(这导致它最初被用作脱毛剂,在人们充分认识到其毒性之前)和周围神经损伤(受害者可能会感到一种踩在热煤上的感觉)是其中两种,尽管通常只有低剂量的铊中毒会导致掉发;在高剂量下,铊在掉发之前就会致命。(维基百科)铊的毒性复杂且严重。它影响人体内的多个系统,包括肝脏、胃肠道、心血管、生殖、肾脏和神经系统。其中,肝脏是一个可能协助金属代谢还原的重要器官;因此,它可能是铊毒性的一个显著受影响的器官。这一点得到了另一项关于实验动物中铊诱导毒性的研究的证实,该研究报告称肝脏、肾脏和回肠中铊的积累量最高。(A15464)
Among the distinctive effects of thallium poisoning are loss of hair (which led to its initial use as a depilatory before its toxicity was properly appreciated) and damage to peripheral nerves (victims may experience a sensation of walking on hot coals), although the loss of hair only generally occurs in low doses; in high doses the thallium kills before this can take effect. (Wikipedia) Thallium toxicity is complex and severe. It affects several systems in human body, including liver, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, reproductive, renal, and nervous systems. Among them, liver is an important organ which possibly assists metabolic reduction of metals; hence, it could be a noticeable organ for thallium toxicity. This is confirmed by the other study on thallium-induced toxicity in experimental animals which reported highest accumulation in liver, kidney, and ileum. (A15464)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
皮肤接触;吸入;吞食
Dermal; inhalation; ingestion
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
在静脉给药后,氯化铊迅速从血液中清除,大约10分钟后在心肌中达到最大浓度。给药5分钟后,血液中仅剩余5-8%的注射活性。
After IV administration, thallous chloride clears rapidly from the blood, with maximum concentration in the myocardium after about 10 min. Only 5-8% of injected activity remained in the blood, following 5 minutes of intravenous administration.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
铊氯化物Tl 201在粪便和尿液中缓慢排泄,且在两者中的排泄量相等。
Thallous Chloride Tl 201 is excreted slowly and to an equal extent in both feces and urine.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
3–10 升/千克
3–10 L/kg
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
在大约4-8%的注射剂量在最初的24小时内通过尿液排出。全身消失的半衰期是9.8 ± 2.5天。肾脏浓度约为注射活性的3%,睾丸含量为0.15%。净甲状腺活性仅为注射剂量的0.2%,活性在24小时内消失。从前部和后部的全身扫描可以确定,大约45%的注射剂量在大肠和相邻结构(肝脏、肾脏、腹部肌肉)中。
Approximately 4-8% of the injected dose was excreted in the urine in the first 24 hours. The whole body disappearance half-time was 9.8 ± 2.5 days. Kidney concentration was found to be about 3 percent of the injected activity and the testicular content was 0.15 percent. Net thyroid activity was determined to be only 0.2 percent of the injected dose, and the activity disappeared in 24 hours. From anterior and posterior whole-body scans, it was determined that about 45 percent of the injected dose was in the large intestines and contiguous structures (liver, kidneys, abdominal musculature).
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
在急性铊中毒的情况下,发现人类大脑中神经元密集的区域比其他区域积累了更多的铊,并且灰质中的铊含量高于非神经组织。/可溶性铊化合物/
In acute thallium poisoning, human brain areas densely populated with neurons were found to accumulate thallium more than other areas, and the gray matter contained higher thallium levels than nonneural tissues. /Soluble thallium cmpd/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    6.1

制备方法与用途

类别: 有毒物品

毒性分级: 剧毒

急性毒性:

  • 腹腔注射 - 大鼠: LD₅₀ 6.9 毫克/公斤
  • 口服 - 小鼠: LD₅₀ 24 毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性: 不可燃物质;受热会产生有毒氯化物和铊化物烟雾

储运特性: 库房需通风、低温干燥,应与碱类、酸类及食品添加剂分开存放

职业标准: TLA-TWA 0.1 毫克/立方米(铊)

上下游信息

  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    TOKI, MOTOYUKI
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    SMIRNOV, V. A.;KOPETSKIJ, CH. V.;REDKIN, A. N., VYSOKOCHIST. VESHCHESTVA,(1988) N 1, 48-54
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    thallous phenoxide2-Chlorethansulfinylchlorid氯化铊(I) 作用下, 以 乙醚 为溶剂, 25.0~75.0 ℃ 、1.33 Pa 条件下, 反应 1.0h, 以to give phenyl 2-chloroethanesulfinate (122 w) as a mobile liquid的产率得到Phenyl-2-chlorethansulfinat
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Plant growth regulators
    摘要:
    本发明涉及一种通过向植物位置施加某些β-取代乙烯基亚磺酸及其氧酯来调节和/或修改植物生长的方法,以及含有它们的植物生长调节剂配方。本发明所述的一些用于该方法的化合物是新颖的。
    公开号:
    US04134752A1
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文献信息

  • Novel benzothiepines having activity as inhibitors of ileal bile acid transport and taurocholate uptake
    申请人:G.D. Searle & Co.
    公开号:US20020013476A1
    公开(公告)日:2002-01-31
    Provided are novel benzothiepines, derivatives, and analogs thereof; pharmaceutical compositions containing them; and methods of using these compounds and compositions in medicine, particularly in the prophylaxis and treatment of hyperlipidemic conditions such as those associated with atherosclerosis or hypercholesterolemia, in mammals.
    提供了新型苯并噻吩类化合物及其衍生物和类似物;含有它们的药物组合物;以及在医学中使用这些化合物和组合物的方法,特别是在哺乳动物中预防和治疗高脂血症状,如与动脉粥样硬化或高胆固醇血症相关的情况。
  • Subpicosecond uv kinetic spectroscopy: Photolysis of thallium halide vapors
    作者:J. Misewich、J.H. Glownia、J.E. Rothenberg、P.P. Sorokin
    DOI:10.1016/0009-2614(88)80422-6
    日期:1988.9
    The formation of Tl atoms resulting from subpicosecond UV (308, 248.5 nm) photolysis of TlCl and TlI vapors is probed via subpicosecond UV kinetic absorption spectroscopy. Unusual line shapes are observed for a period lasting roughly 1 ps, from the moment the atomic transition first appears, to the point at which the final, asymptotic, line shape is attained. These spectra are explained in terms of
    通过亚皮秒UV动力学吸收光谱探测由亚皮秒UV(308,248.5nm)的T1C1和T11蒸气的光解产生的T1原子的形成。从最初出现原子跃迁到达到最终渐近线形的时间段,观察到不寻常的线形持续了大约1 ps的时间。这些光谱是根据一个模型来解释的,该模型基于由探针连续谱脉冲与不断增长的两级原子相互作用而产生的极化的瞬态行为,该两级原子的共振频率随时间变化。
  • GUNKIN, I. F.;FINAENOVA, EH. V.;BUXAROV, V. G.;BUTIN, K. P., METALLOORGAN. XIMIYA, 3,(1990) N, S. 193-195
    作者:GUNKIN, I. F.、FINAENOVA, EH. V.、BUXAROV, V. G.、BUTIN, K. P.
    DOI:——
    日期:——
  • DAPPERHELD, STEFFEN;FELDHUES, MICHAEL;LITTERER, HEINZ;SISTIG, FRANK;WEGEN+
    作者:DAPPERHELD, STEFFEN、FELDHUES, MICHAEL、LITTERER, HEINZ、SISTIG, FRANK、WEGEN+
    DOI:——
    日期:——
  • SRIVASTAVA, P. C.;SRIVASTAVA, S. K., INDIAN J. CHEM., 1984, 23, N 9, 776-777
    作者:SRIVASTAVA, P. C.、SRIVASTAVA, S. K.
    DOI:——
    日期:——
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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