The Preparation of Nitriles and Amides. Reactions of Esters with Acids and with Aluminum Chloride. The Use of the Salt NaCl·AlCl3 in the Friedel and Crafts Reaction
Relative reactivity of methyl iodide to ethyl iodide in nucleophilic substitution reactions in acetonitrile and partial desolvation accompanying activation
have been deduced on the basis of these classifications. A major factor determining the relative reactivity of methyliodide to ethyl iodide in the substitution reaction of an anionic nucleophile having a single reaction site in acetonitrile (kMeI/kEtI) is suggested to be partial desolvation around the nucleophilic center on going from reactant to transition-state.
通过检验涉及的经验相关性 激活 亲核取代的参数 甲基碘 和的 碘乙烷亲核试剂已经被分为三个系列:(1)具有两个等效反应位点的亲核试剂,(2)在对位具有氯原子的亲核试剂,和(3)具有单个反应位点的亲核试剂。伴随的三种类型的部分去溶剂化过程激活根据这些分类推论得出。决定相对活性的主要因素甲基碘 到 碘乙烷 在一个具有单个反应位点的阴离子亲核试剂的取代反应中 乙腈(k MeI / k EtI)建议是从反应物到过渡态时亲核中心周围的部分去溶剂化。
Noncovalent Interactions in Ir-Catalyzed C–H Activation: L-Shaped Ligand for Para-Selective Borylation of Aromatic Esters
An efficient strategy for the para-selective borylation of aromatic esters is described. For achieving high para-selectivity, a new catalytic system has been developed modifying the core structure of the bipyridine. It has been proposed that the L-shaped ligand is essential to recognize the functionality of the oxygen atom of the ester carbonyl group via noncovalent interaction, which provides an unprecedented
Regio- and Chemoselective CH Chlorination/Bromination of Electron-Deficient Arenes by Weak Coordination and Study of Relative Directing-Group Abilities
作者:Xiuyun Sun、Gang Shan、Yonghui Sun、Yu Rao
DOI:10.1002/anie.201300176
日期:2013.4.15
It's all relative: A practical and efficient PdII‐catalyzed regio‐ and chemoselectivechlorination/bromination has been developed for the facile synthesis of a broad range of aromatic chlorides. The reaction demonstrates excellent reactivity, good functional‐group tolerance, and high yields. A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate relative directing‐group abilities of various functionalities
Efficient esterification of carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids with trialkyl orthoacetate in ionic liquid
作者:Tomonori Yoshino、Satomi Imori、Hideo Togo
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.147
日期:2006.2
environmentally friendly esterification of various carboxylicacids, phosphonicacids, and phosphinicacids with triethyl orthoacetate or trimethyl orthoacetate under neutral conditions in a typical room temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, was successfully carried out to provide the corresponding ethyl esters or methyl esters in high yields.
moiety (7a-7l) have been synthesized by structural modifications on a lead SecAinhibitor, 2. All the compounds have been evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Compounds 7d and 7g were also tested for their inhibitory activities against SecA ATPase due to their promising antimicrobial activities. The inhibitory activity