Development and evaluation of multifunctional agents for potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Application to a pyrimidine-2,4-diamine template
摘要:
We investigated a group of 2-benzylpiperidin-N-benzylpyrimidin-4-amines with various electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups (EWGs or EDGs, respectively) as multi-targeted Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics. The synthesized derivatives were screened for anti-cholinesterase (AChE and BuChE), anti-A beta-aggregation (AChE- and self-induced) and anti-beta-secretase (BACE-1) activities in an effort to identify lead, multifunctional candidates as part of our multi-targeted approach to treat AD. Biological assessment revealed that the nature of the substituent on the C-4 benzylamine group (e.g., halogen vs methoxy-based) greatly affected the biological profile. In vitro screening identified N-2-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (7h) as the lead candidate with a dual ChE (AChE IC50 = 9.9 mu M; BuChE IC50 = 11.4 mu M), A beta-aggregation (AChE-induced = 59.3%; self-induced = 17.4% at 100 mu M) and BACE-1 (34% inhibition at 10 mu M) inhibitory profile along with good cell viability (% neuroblastoma cell viability at 40 mu M = 81.0%). Molecular modeling studies indicate that a central pyrimidine-2,4-diamine ring serves as a suitable template to develop novel small molecule candidates to target multiple pathological routes in AD. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Small-molecule pyrimidine inhibitors of the cdc2-like (Clk) and dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated (Dyrk) kinases: Development of chemical probe ML315
作者:Thomas C. Coombs、Cordelle Tanega、Min Shen、Jenna L. Wang、Douglas S. Auld、Samuel W. Gerritz、Frank J. Schoenen、Craig J. Thomas、Jeffrey Aubé
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.096
日期:2013.6
Substituted pyrimidine inhibitors of the Clk and Dyrk kinases have been developed, exploring structure-activity relationships around four different chemotypes. The most potent compounds have low-nanomolar inhibitory activity against Clk1, Clk2, Clk4, Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B. Kinome scans with 442 kinases using agents representing three of the chemotypes show these inhibitors to be highly selective for the Clk and Dyrk families. Further off-target pharmacological evaluation with ML315, the most selective agent, supports this conclusion. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.