Structure–activity relationship of antiparasitic and cytotoxic indoloquinoline alkaloids, and their tricyclic and bicyclic analogues
摘要:
Based on the indoloquinoline alkaloids cryptolepine (1), neocryptolepine (2), isocryptolepine (3) and isoneocryptolepine (4), used as lead compounds for new antimalarial agents, a series of tricyclic and bicyclic analogues, including carbolines, azaindoles, pyrroloquinolines and pyrroloisoquinolines was synthesized and biologically evaluated. None of the bicyclic compounds was significantly active against the chloroquine-resistant strain Plasmodium falciparum K1, in contrast to the tricyclic derivatives. The tricyclic compound 2-methyl-2H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole (9), or 2-methyl-beta-carboline, showed the best in vitro activity, with an IC50 value of 0.45 mu M against P. falciparum K1, without apparent cytotoxicity against L6 cells (SI > 1000). However, this compound was not active in the Plasmodium berghei mouse model. Structure-activity relationships are discussed and compared with related naturally occurring compounds. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Lewis Acid Activation of Pyridines for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution and Conjugate Addition
作者:Sarah Abou-Shehada、Matthew C. Teasdale、Steven D. Bull、Charles E. Wade、Jonathan M. J. Williams
DOI:10.1002/cssc.201403154
日期:2015.3
clean, mild and sustainable method for the functionalization of pyridines and their analogues is reported. A zinc‐based Lewis acid is used to activate pyridine and its analogues towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution, conjugate addition, and cyclization reactions by binding to the nitrogen on the pyridine ring and activating the pyridine ring core towards further functionalization.
Chlorinated (hetero)anilines are a class of important structural motifs that are widely present in synthetic building blocks and pharmaceuticals. Despite recent advancements, direct anilinechlorination still suffers from ortho/para and mono/poly chlorination selectivity problems. Herein, we disclose a photo-redox and organo co-catalyzed chlorination method for anilines. This method has great substrate