申请人:E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company
公开号:US04001319A1
公开(公告)日:1977-01-04
Compounds containing carboxylic acid fluoride or chloride groups react with sulfur trioxide at temperatures between -30.degree. to about 100.degree. C to give carbonyl fluoro- or chlorosulfates. Preferred reactants are polyfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkenyl carbacyl acid fluorides. The carbacyl halosulfates are useful as cationic polymerization catalysts and as chemical intermediates. FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a method of making carbacyl halosulfates. THE PRIOR ART Certain perhalocarbacyl fluorosulfates, ##EQU1## are known, as shown in the following tabulation. ______________________________________ Reference R.sub.f ______________________________________ 1. Des Marteau and Cady, Inorg. Trifluoromethyl Chem. 5, 169 (1966); Chem. Chlorodifluoromethyl Abs. 64, 8020 (1966) Pentafluoroethyl Heptafluoropropyl 2-(Fluorosulfonyloxy)- tetrafluoroethyl 2. Delfino and Shreeve, Inorg. Trifluoromethyl Chem. 5, 308 (1966); Chem. Abs. 64, 12544 (1966) 3. Fox & Franz, Inorg. Chem. Fluoro 5, 946 (1966); Chem. Abs. 65, 1750 (1966) 4. Mishri & Shreeve, J. Am. Heptafluoroisopropyl Chem. Soc. 90, 1711 (1968); .alpha.-(Fluorosulfonyloxy)- hexafluoroisopropyl Chem. Abs. 69, 26685 (1968) ______________________________________ PAL These fluorosulfates are described as being formed by reaction of peroxydisulfuryl difluoride with appropriate perhalocarboxylic acid anhydrides (Ref. 1), with trifluoroacetyl bromide (Ref. 2) and with bis(trifluoromethyl)ketene (Ref. 4); by reaction of fluorine fluorosulfate with bis(trifluoromethyl)ketene (Ref. 4); and by photolysis of bis(monofluorocarbonyl)peroxide in the presence of sulfur dioxide (Ref. 3). Acetyl chlorosulfate, ##EQU2## FORMED BY REACTION OF ACETYL CHLORIDE AND CHLOROSULFONIC ACID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, IS DESCRIBED AS A "TRANSIENT" PRODUCT WHICH REARRANGED TO SULFOACETYL CHLORIDE, ##EQU3## ABOVE 45.degree. (Huntress, "Organic Chlorine Compounds", Wiley, New York, N.Y., 1948). The reaction of aromatic acid chlorides (e.g., benzoyl, 2-toluyl and 4-chlorobenzoyl chlorides) with sulfur trioxide at 110.degree.-160.degree. has been reported [Gilbert, Chem. Rev. 62, 575 (1962)], with the result illustrated below: ##SPC1## Other art describes the reaction of perfluoroalkyl iodides with sulfur trioxide in the presence of a pentavalent antimony halide to form perfluoroalkane-carbacyl fluorides, ##EQU4## (Sweeney and Yao, U.S. Pat. No. 3,493,611); and the reaction of sulfur trioxide with alkyl polyhaloalkyl ethers at -30.degree. to +20.degree. to give polyhaloacyl fluorides and alkyl fluorosulfates, ##EQU5## [Belaventsev et al., U.S.S.R. 251,567; Chem. Abs. 72, 42819 (1970)]. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a method of making carbacyl halosulfates wherein halogen is fluorine or chlorine by contacting and reacting an organic compound containing at least one carbacyl halide group with sulfur trioxide at a temperature in the range between -30.degree.C and 100.degree.C. The reaction can be expressed by the equation ##EQU6## wherein X is chlorine or fluorine. Provided R is not attacked by SO.sub.3, the products will correspond to the starting materials as illustrated in the above equation. Preferred R groups in the above equation have up to 22 carbon atoms and are alkyl, haloalkyl, including polyhaloalkyl (halo = X), halosulfonylalkyl (halo = X), halosulfonylhaloalkyl (halo = X), polyhaloalkenyl (halo = X), polyfluoroalkyl containing .alpha.-difluoromethyleneoxy (--CF.sub.2 O--) groups, phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more of ##EQU7## (halo = X). A preferred process involves the foregoing reactants wherein X is fluorine and R is polyfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkenyl of up to 22 carbon atoms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The process is suitably carried out by admixing the sulfur trioxide and carbacyl halide reactants under appropriate conditions in an anhydrous system and allowing the reaction to proceed spontaneously, the mixing being done with caution in view of possible exothermic reaction. The temperature can be in the range from about -30.degree. to about +100.degree. and is usually established at a level where reaction proceeds at a practical rate. The pressure is not critical, being generally atmospheric pressure or above depending upon whether a vented or sealed reactor is used. The reaction time is likewise not critical and can be from a very short (.about.1 minute) to a relatively long (.about. several weeks) period, practical times being dependent upon the reaction rate under the conditions employed. The reaction can be carried out "neat", i.e., without any added material, or an inert diluent or solvent can be used if desired. Added materials should be resistant to attack by sulfur trioxide, e.g., inert solvents such as chlorinated aliphatic compounds (methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene) and fluorinated aliphatic compounds (1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, perfluoroethers). Ordinarily the sulfur trioxide and carbacyl halide reactants are used in equimolar amounts, although the mol ratio is not critical. However, when a carbacyl halide reactant also contains an alkyl-OCF.sub.2 -group, this group can be converted to a carbonyl fluoride group, as follows: ##EQU8## (cf. Belaventsev et al., U.S.S.R. 251,567; England, U.S. Pat. No. 3,641,142). In this instance, since the product moiety containing the carbonyl fluoride group can react further with sulfur trioxide by the process of the invention, the mol ratio of sulfur trioxide to original alkyl-OCF.sub.2 -containing carbacyl halide can be at least 3 to 1 without being an excessive mol ratio. It should be pointed out that in view of the above-indicated reaction of alkyl-OCF.sub.2 -containing compounds with sulfur trioxide, the hitherto unrecognized process of the invention can be considered operative in any such reaction mixture, particularly when the mol ratio of sulfur trioxide to each alkyl-OCF.sub.2 -moiety is more than 1:1.
含有羧酸氟化物或氯化物基团的化合物在-30度至约100度C的温度下与三氧化硫反应,形成羰基氟或氯磺酸酯。首选的反应物是聚氟烷基或聚氟烯基羧酸氟化物。这些羧酸卤磺酸酯可用作阳离子聚合催化剂和化学中间体。发明领域本发明涉及一种制备羧酰卤磺酸酯的方法。现有技术某些全氟羧酸氟磺酸酯,如下表所示,已知。这些氟磺酸酯被描述为通过过氧二硫酰二氟化物与适当的全氟羧酸酐(参考文献1)、三氟乙酰溴(参考文献2)和双(三氟甲基)酮(参考文献4)的反应形成;通过氟气氟磺酸酯与双(三氟甲基)酮的反应形成;以及通过双(单氟羰基)过氧化物在二氧化硫存在下的光解(参考文献3)形成。乙酰氯磺酸酯,通过乙酰氯和氯磺酸在室温下反应形成,被描述为一个“瞬态”产物,它在45度以上重新排列为磺酰乙酰氯(Huntress,“有机氯化合物”,Wiley,纽约,1948)。芳香族酸氯(如苯甲酰、2-甲苯甲酰和4-氯苯甲酰氯)与三氧化硫在110-160度下的反应已被报道[Gilbert,化学评论62,575(1962年)],结果如下所示:其他文献描述了全氟烷基碘与三氧化硫在五价锑卤化物存在下反应形成全氟烷基羰氟化物的反应;以及三氧化硫与烷基多卤代醚在-30度至+20度反应形成多卤酰氟化物和烷基氟磺酸酯的反应。发明摘要本发明是一种制备羧酰卤磺酸酯的方法,其中卤素是氟或氯,通过在-30度C至100度C的温度范围内将含有至少一个羧酰卤基团的有机化合物与三氧化硫接触并反应。反应可以用以下方程式表示,其中X为氯或氟。只要R不受SO.sub.3的攻击,产物将与上述方程式中的起始物相对应。上述方程式中的首选R基团具有多达22个碳原子,并且是烷基、卤代烷基,包括多卤代烷基(卤=X)、卤磺基烷基(卤=X)、卤磺基卤烷基(卤=X)、多卤代烯基(卤=X)、含有.alpha.-二氟甲氧基(-CF.sub.2 O--)基团的多氟烷基、苯基或苯基取代的苯基,其中取代物为一个或多个(卤=X)。一种首选工艺涉及上述反应物,其中X为氟,R为多氟烷基或多氟烯基,碳原子数多达22个。发明详细描述该过程适宜通过在无水体系中适当条件下混合三氧化硫和羧酰卤反应物,并允许反应自发进行来进行。温度范围可在约-30度至约+100度之间,并通常设定在反应以实际速率进行的水平。压力不是关键,通常是大气压或更高,取决于是使用通风还是密封反应器。反应时间同样不是关键,可以是非常短的(约1分钟)到相对较长的(约数周)时间段,实际时间取决于所采用条件下的反应速率。反应可以“干净”进行,即不添加任何材料,或者如果需要,可以使用惰性稀释剂或溶剂。添加的材料应对三氧化硫的攻击具有抵抗力,例如惰性溶剂,如氯代脂肪化合物(甲烷氯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯乙烯)和氟代脂肪化合物(1,2-二氯-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷、全氟醚)。通常,三氧化硫和羧酰卤反应物以等物质量使用,尽管摩尔比不是关键。然而,当羧酰卤反应物还含有烷基-OCF.sub.2 -基团时,该基团可以转化为羰基氟化物基团,如下所示:在这种情况下,由于含有羰基氟化物基团的产物部分可以通过本发明的过程进一步与三氧化硫反应,因此三氧化硫与原始烷基-OCF.sub.2 -含羧酰卤的摩尔比可以至少为3:1而不是过量的摩尔比。应指出,鉴于上述含烷基-OCF.sub.2 -化合物与三氧化硫的反应,迄今为止未被认识到的本发明的过程可以被认为在任何这种反应混合物中是有效的,特别是当三氧化硫与每个烷基-OCF.sub.2 -基团的摩尔比超过1:1时。