Stereoselective Hydrogenolysis of 1,1-Dibromo-1-alkenes and Stereospecific Synthesis of Conjugated (Z)-Alkenyl Compounds
摘要:
The Pd-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of 1,1-dibromoalkenes with Bu3SnH occurs at room temperature stereoselectively to give (Z)-1-bromo-1-alkenes. We sought to determine the optimal reaction conditions and illustrate the scope of this method with 32 dibromoalkenes including alkenyl- and alkynyl-conjugated 1,l-dibromo-l-alkenes 7a-h and 2,2-disubstituted I,1-dibromo-1-alkenes 9a-f. Triphenylphosphine was the best ligand for the Pd-catalyzed hydrogenolysis. A wide range of solvents can be used for this reaction excluding EtOH, AcOH, and CHCl3. However, the reaction proceeds even in these solvents with the addition of a cosolvent or radical scavenger. The reaction of 1,1-diiodo-1-alkene (3) gave a mixture of (Z)-1-iodo-1-alkene (4), (Z)-1-tributylstannyl-1-alkene (5), and a terminal alkene 6, while that of 1,1-dichloroalkene did not occur. This selectivity can be explained by the stereoselective insertion of Pd(0) to a trans bromine-alkenyl carbon bond, successive transmetalation with Bu3SnH, and reductive elimination. The Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings of the resulting (Z)-1-bromo-1-alkenes with alkenyl(dialkoxy)borane and terminal alkyne occurred to give conjugated polyenes and enynes stereospecifically. The Pd-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of 1,l-dibromo-l-alkene and successive cross-coupling can be carried out either in a stepwise manner or in one-pot under the same Pd catalysis. These two processes should be useful for the synthesis of geometrically pure polyene and enyne with a Z-alkenyl unit.
A Convenient Stereoselective Reduction of <i>Gem</i>-Dibromides with a Combination of Dimethyl Phosphite and Potassium Carbonate
作者:Yalei Zhao、Tieqiao Chen、Xiang-Bo Wang、Li-Biao Han
DOI:10.1080/10426507.2015.1024786
日期:2015.11.2
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Abstract An efficient and highly stereoselectivereduction of a gem-dibromocyclopropane to the corresponding monobromocyclopropane under mild reaction conditions was developed using a combination of dimethyl phosphite and potassium carbonate. This reaction provided a simple and practical way for the synthesis of the valuable monobromocyclopropanes and β-monobromoalkenes.
Ohmic Heating and Ionic Liquids in Combination for the Indium-Promoted Synthesis of 1-Halo Alkenyl Compounds: Applications to Pd-Catalysed Cross-Coupling Reactions
作者:Raquel G. Soengas、Vera L. M. Silva、Joana Pinto、Humberto Rodríguez-Solla、Artur M. S. Silva
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201501162
日期:2016.1
We have explored the combination of ohmic heating (ΩH) with ionic liquids for indium-promoted reactions and report herein the indium-promoted dehalogenation of gem-dibromo alkenes and the indium-mediated reductive elimination of chlorohydrins for the synthesis of 1-halo alkenyl derivatives. Heck, Stille, Suzuki, Kumada and Sonogashira couplings of the resulting 1-halo-1-alkenes with appropriate reagents
We describe the facile and efficient metal-promoted reduction of C–Br bonds of gem -dibromides. When the reaction is mediated by indium, the corresponding vinyl bromides are obtained in good yields and high E -stereoselectivities. Alternatively, when the reduction is mediated by samarium diiodide, vinyl bromides are obtained in moderate yields and good Z -selectivities.
我们描述了宝石二溴化物的 C-Br 键的简单有效的金属促进还原。当反应由铟介导时,以良好的收率和高 E 立体选择性获得相应的乙烯基溴。或者,当还原由二碘化钐介导时,乙烯基溴以中等产率和良好的 Z 选择性获得。
C-H Bond Activation: A Versatile Protocol for the Direct Arylation and Alkenylation of Oxazoles
The versatile palladium complex Pd(PPh3)4 catalyses both direct arylation and alkenylation of oxazoles efficiently. The method is regioselective and stereospecific with respect to bromoalkenes and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
A new synthesis of π-electron conjugated phosphonates and phosphonic bis(diethylamides) and their SHG activities
作者:Takuji Ogawa、Naoya Usuki、Noboru Ono
DOI:10.1039/a709082j
日期:——
A series of vinylic and arylic phosphonates and phosphonic bis(diethylamides) were prepared by copper promoted substitution of the corresponding bromides. These Ï-electron conjugated phosphonates and phosphonic bis(diethylamides) were investigated to elucidate their optical and second harmonic generation (SHG) properties; it was found that diphenyl 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethenylphosphonate exhibited strong SHG activity, the efficiency being 13 times greater than that of urea.