XMC was applied to the green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler) and the smaller brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallen). Penetration into the insect was rapid and about 10-12 metabolites were formed. Only the N-hydroxymethyl metabolite was identified.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在昆虫中，代谢主要涉及苯环及其环上甲基取代基的羟基化。
In insects, metabolism mainly involves hydroxylation of the benzene ring and the ring methyl substituents.
... Blood esterases would tend to inactivate a portion of the circulating carbamates. Liver microsomal enzymes break down the compounds within hours of exposure. Carbamates do not require activation by liver enzymes and therefore may be more hazardous for very young animals, in which hepatic degradative enzymes are deficient. Carbamates cross the rat placenta, depress fetal acetylcholinesterase, and are not readily metabolized in the fetus. ... /Carbamate pesticides/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
甲酰胺通过肝脏酶促水解；降解产物由肾脏和肝脏排出。
The carbamates are hydrolyzed enzymatically by the liver; degradation products are excreted by the kidneys and the liver. (L793)
3,5-Dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).
As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)
These compounds are rapidly metabolized, 80% of the dose being eliminated in the urine within 24 hours, 0.5-15% in the feces and 0.1-1.0% in the milk. /Carbamate insecticides/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂通过皮肤、肺和胃肠吸收，并在全身分布。它们不会在任何特定组织中积累。
Carbamate pesticides are absorbed from the skin, lungs, and GI tract and distributed throughout the body. They do not accumulate in any particular tissue. ... /Carbamate pesticides/
Process for preparing herbicidal ureas and insecticidal carbamates and
申请人：Eli Lilly and Company
公开号：US04987233A1
公开（公告）日：1991-01-22
The present invention provides a process for preparing herbicidal ureas and insecticidal carbamates and carbamate derivatives comprising reacting an amine, alcohol, or oxime nucleophile with a urea in an inert organic solvent.
HYDRAZONYL GROUP-CONTAINING CONDENSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND OR SALT THEREOF, AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL INSECTICIDE COMPRISING THE COMPOUND, AND METHOD FOR USING THE INSECTICIDE
申请人：Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd.
公开号：US20190177319A1
公开（公告）日：2019-06-13
An object of the present invention is to develop and provide a novel agricultural and horticultural insecticide in view of the still immense damage caused by insect pests etc. and the emergence of insect pests resistant to existing insecticides in crop production in the fields of agriculture, horticulture and the like.
Provided is a hydrazonyl group-containing condensed heterocyclic compound or a salt thereof, preferably a condensed heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1):
wherein R
1
represents, for example, an alkyl group, R
2
represents, for example, a hydrogen atom, R
3
and R
4
each represent, for example, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group or an acyl group, A
1
represents, for example, a nitrogen atom, A
2
represents, for example, N-Me or an oxygen atom, A
3
represents, for example, a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, A
4
represents, for example, C—H, m represents, for example, 2, and n represents, for example, 1}, or a salt thereof; an agricultural and horticultural insecticide comprising the compound or a salt thereof as an active ingredient; and a method for using the insecticide.
[EN] AVERMECTIN AND AVERMECTIN MONOSACCHARIDE SUBSTITUTED IN THE 4"- AND 4'- POSITION RESPECTIVELY<br/>[FR] AVERMECTINE ET MONOSACCHARIDE DE L'AVERMECTINE SUBSTITUES EN POSITION 4 ET 4' RESPECTIVEMENT
申请人：SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG
公开号：WO2005097816A1
公开（公告）日：2005-10-20
A compound of the formula (I) wherein the bond between carbon atoms 22 and 23 indicated with a broken line is a single or double bond, m is 0 or 1, R1 represents a C1-C12alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl or C2-C12alkenyl group, R2 represents a hydrocarbyl group or a substituted hydrocarbyl group, and R3 and R4 represent, independently of each other, hydrogen or a chemical constituent, or either R2 and R3 together or R3 and R4 together represent a three- to seven-membered alkylene or a four- to seven-membered alkenylene bridge, for each of which at least one, preferably a CH2 group may be replaced by O, S or NR6 where R6 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group or a substituted hydrocarbyl group; or, if appropriate, an E/Z isomer and/or tautomer of the compound of formula (I), in each case in free form or in salt form.
A general procedure for the synthesis of alkyl and aryl alkylcarbamates starting from the corresponding S-methyl N-alkyl-thiocarbamates is described. This procedure consists of three steps that are carried out in a one-pot fashion, without isolating the intermediate N-alkylcarbamoyl chlorides or alkyl isocyanates. All the target products were obtained in high yields (16 examples, average yield 91%)
PYRIDONE COMPOUNDS AND AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL FUNGICIDES CONTAINING THE SAME AS ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
申请人：MITSUI CHEMICALS AGRO, INC.
公开号：US20200172486A1
公开（公告）日：2020-06-04
Provided are a pyridone compound represented by Formula (1):
wherein
R1 represents a C1-C6 alkyl group which may be substituted, etc.,
R2 represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, etc.,
R3 and R4 are independent to each other, and each represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl group which may be substituted, etc., or in combination with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded form a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, etc., which may be substituted,
Y represents a phenyl group which may be substituted, etc.,
X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom,
and an agricultural and horticultural fungicide containing the same as an active ingredient.
