烟碱氯化氢 | 2820-51-1

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吡啶及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 烟碱氯化氢
• 中文别名: 烟碱盐酸盐；盐酸烟碱
• 英文名称: (S)-nicotine hydrochloride
• 英文别名: Nicotine hydrochloride；3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine;hydrochloride
• CAS: 2820-51-1；6019-02-9
• 化学式: C₁₀H₁₄N₂*ClH
• 分子量: 198.695
• InChiKey: HDJBTCAJIMNXEW-PPHPATTJSA-N

物化性质

• 物理描述：
  Nicotine hydrochloride appears as a white crystalline solid. Combustible, although ignition may be difficult. Toxic by inhalation (dust, etc.) and skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless oil
• 溶解度：
  All salts are soluble in water, alcohol, and ether /Nicotine salts/
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide./

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.27
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  16.1
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

立即急救：确保已经进行了充分去污。如果患者停止呼吸，开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、气囊面罩装置或口袋面罩，按训练进行操作。根据需要执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐，让患者前倾或置于左侧（如果可能的话，头部向下）以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。/尼古丁及相关化合物/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nicotine and Related Compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道（如需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。可能需要积极的气道管理。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有必要，辅助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。预期可能出现癫痫，并在必要时进行治疗...。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在转运过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）持续冲洗每只眼睛...。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释。给予活性炭...。/尼古丁及相关化合物/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nicotine and Related Compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于失去意识或呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常...开始静脉输注D5W/SRP：“保持通路开放”，最低流速...。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象...。用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫...。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗...。/尼古丁及相关化合物/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nicotine and Related Compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

紧急和支持性措施：保持呼吸道通畅，必要时辅助呼吸。给予补充氧气。如果出现癫痫、昏迷、低血压、高血压和心律失常，则进行治疗。观察至少4-6小时以排除延迟毒性，特别是在皮肤接触后。对于完整口香糖片剂或透皮贴剂的摄入，需要观察更长时间（长达12-24小时）。/尼古丁/

Emergency and supportive measures: Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Treat seizures, coma, hypotension, hypertension, and arrhythmias if they occur. observe for at least 4-6 hours to rule out delayed toxicity, especially after skin exposure. For ingestion of intact gum tablets or transdermal patches, observe for a longer period (up to 12-24 hours). /Nicotine/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

人类暴露研究/ 给予4名志愿者的1.0毫克尼古丁盐酸盐静脉注射剂量导致了皮肤血管收缩，以及呼吸、心率和血压的轻微到中等程度增加，但没有产生任何严重毒性效应。

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ An iv dose of 1.0 mg nicotine hydrochloride ... given to 4 volunteers produced vasoconstriction of the skin and slight to moderate increase of respirations, heart rate, and blood pressure without any serious toxic effect.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  6.1(a)

制备方法与用途

类别：有毒物品

毒性分级：剧毒

急性毒性：腹腔-小鼠 LD50: 13.5 毫克/公斤

储运特性：应存放在通风良好、低温干燥的库房内，并与食品原料分开存放和运输。

灭火剂：可使用砂土、水、泡沫、二氧化碳或干粉进行灭火。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  烟碱氯化氢 、 sodium cyanoborohydride 以 四氢呋喃 为溶剂， 生成 (S)-(-)-nicotine-B
  参考文献：
  名称：

  含硼烟碱类似物的神经元烟碱乙酰胆碱受体结合亲和力。

  摘要：

  合成了一系列含硼烟碱（NIC）类似物7-9，并评估了其与alpha4beta2和alpha7烟碱样受体的结合。与NIC相比，化合物ACME-B抑制[3H]甲基可卡因碱与大鼠脑膜的结合具有相似的效价（分别为Ki = 2.4和0.77 microM），但与NIC相比，抑制[3H] NIC结合的效价却明显较低。分别为0.60 microM和1.0 nM）。因此，在NIC或2的2-吡啶基和3'-吡咯烷酮碳之间束缚一个二碳桥，可提供以类似于NIC的方式与alpha7受体结合的类似物，但对alpha4beta2受体的亲和力却大大降低。

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00193-7

文献信息

• [EN] NICOTINE SALTS, CO-CRYSTALS, AND SALT CO-CRYSTAL COMPLEXES<br/>[FR] SELS, CO-CRISTAUX, ET COMPLEXES DE CO-CRISTAUX DE SELS DE NICOTINE
  申请人：REYNOLDS TOBACCO CO R

  公开号：WO2015183801A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-12-03

  The invention provides certain nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and provides novel polymorphic forms of certain nicotine salts. In particular, nicotine salts with mucic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and crystalline polymorphic forms of nicotine 4-acetamidobenzoate, nicotine gentisate, and nicotine 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate are described. The invention further provides methods of preparation and characterization of such nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and polymorphic forms thereof. In addition, tobacco products, including smoking articles, smokeless tobacco products, and electronic smoking articles comprising nicotine salts, co-crystals, and/or salt co-crystals are also provided.

  该发明提供了某些尼古丁盐、共晶和盐共晶，并提供了某些尼古丁盐的新颖多形态形式。具体来说，描述了与粘酸、3,5-二羟基苯甲酸和2,3-二羟基苯甲酸结合的尼古丁盐，以及尼古丁4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、尼古丁吉替酸和尼古丁1-羟基-2-萘酸的结晶多形态形式。该发明还提供了制备和表征这些尼古丁盐、共晶和盐共晶以及其多形态形式的方法。此外，还提供了含有尼古丁盐、共晶和/或盐共晶的烟草制品，包括吸烟物品、无烟烟草制品和电子吸烟物品。
• [EN] NICOTINE DERIVATIVES AND METHODS OF USE<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE NICOTINE, ET PROCÉDÉS POUR LEUR UTILISATION
  申请人：GOODMAN JORY F

  公开号：WO2015183530A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-12-03

  This invention provides a compound selected from the group consisting of L- nicotine(X1)(X2) and D-nicotine(X1)(X2), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein (i) each of Χ1 and X2 is independently a pharmaceutically acceptable anion or a null set; and (ii) Χ1 and X2 cannot both be null sets. This invention also provides related compositions, as well as methods for treating a disorder reasonably believed to be ameliorated by the administration of nicotine.

  本发明提供了一种化合物，所选自组中包括L-尼古丁（X1）（X2）和D-尼古丁（X1）（X2），或其药学上可接受的盐，其中（i）Χ1和X2各自独立地是药学上可接受的阴离子或空集；（ii）Χ1和X2不能同时为空集。本发明还提供了相关的组合物，以及治疗通过尼古丁治疗合理地认为能够改善的疾病的方法。
• NICOTINE SALTS, CO-CRYSTALS, AND SALT CO-CRYSTAL COMPLEXES
  申请人：R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company

  公开号：US20150344456A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-12-03

  The invention provides certain nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and provides novel polymorphic forms of certain nicotine salts. In particular, nicotine salts with mucic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and crystalline polymorphic forms of nicotine 4-acetamidobenzoate, nicotine gentisate, and nicotine 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate are described. The invention further provides methods of preparation and characterization of such nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and polymorphic forms thereof. In addition, tobacco products, including smoking articles, smokeless tobacco products, and electronic smoking articles comprising nicotine salts, co-crystals, and/or salt co-crystals are also provided.

  本发明提供了某些尼古丁盐、共晶、盐共晶，并提供了某些尼古丁盐的新型多晶形式。具体而言，本发明描述了与粘酸、3,5-二羟基苯甲酸和2,3-二羟基苯甲酸共晶的尼古丁盐，以及尼古丁4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸盐、尼古丁吉替酸盐和尼古丁1-羟基-2-萘酸晶体多晶形式。本发明进一步提供了制备和表征这种尼古丁盐、共晶和盐共晶及其多晶形式的方法。此外，本发明还提供了含有尼古丁盐、共晶和/或盐共晶的烟草产品，包括吸烟物品、无烟烟草产品和电子吸烟物品。
• Nicotine preparation
  申请人：ADVANCED TOBACCO PRODUCTS, INC.

  公开号：EP0148749A2

  公开（公告）日：1985-07-17

  ® This invention provides a nicotine preparation having utility in combination with dispensing devices. Specifically, the nicotine preparation of this invention includes nicotine, a nicotine enhancing material, an organic acid and a volatile carrier. Alternate embodiments of the invention include flavoring material and/or water.

  本发明提供了一种尼古丁制剂，可与分配装置结合使用。 具体而言，本发明的尼古丁制剂包括尼古丁、尼古丁增强材料、有机酸和挥发性载体。 本发明的其他实施方案包括调味材料和/或水。
• Tobacco substitute
  申请人：UNIVERSITY OF UTAH RESEARCH FOUNDATION

  公开号：EP0745380A2

  公开（公告）日：1996-12-04

  The present invention relates generally to a ciagrette substitute for administering a dose of nicotine. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a nicotine-containing dosage-form comprising a holder member which may be used as part of an effective smoking cessation program or in situations where smoking is undesirable or not permitted. The dosage form is configured as a dosage form having a nicotine-containing composition attached to a holder member. Nicotine is released from the dosage form and absorbed through the intra-oral mucosal surfaces as the nicotine-containing composition releases nicotine within a user's mouth. The holder member facilitates insertion and removal of the dosage form into and out of a user's mouth. The user can selectively insert and remove the dosage form as desired to selectively control the release of nicotine. In addition, the user can insert and remove the dosage form in a manner which meets the user's psychological need or desire for ritualistic oral stimulation similar to cigarette smoking.

  本发明总体上涉及一种用于给药尼古丁剂量的咀嚼替代物。更具体地说，本发明涉及一种含有尼古丁的剂型，该剂型包括一个支架部件，可用作有效戒烟计划的一部分，或在不希望或不允许吸烟的情况下使用。该剂型被配置为一种剂型，其含尼古丁的组合物附着在支架部件上。当含尼古丁的组合物在使用者口腔内释放尼古丁时，尼古丁从剂型中释放出来并通过口腔内粘膜表面被吸收。夹持件便于将剂型插入和取出使用者的口腔。使用者可以根据需要选择性地插入和取出剂型，以选择性地控制尼古丁的释放。此外，使用者还可以根据自己的心理需要或愿望，插入和取出药剂，以获得类似于吸烟的口腔刺激。