Provided herein are compounds of the formula (1):
as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of diseases such as, for example, type II diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.
An efficient and user-friendly protocol has been realized for the Heck reaction of heteroaryl bromides by using a reusablenanocrystallinemagnesiumoxide-stabilizedpalladium(0) catalyst without the aid of additional ligands and base. Dimethylamine generated under in situ conditions by the decomposition of DMF serves as the base in this reaction. The catalyst was reused with consistent activity up
Pd(CH3CN)(2)Cl-2-catalyzed I-leek reaction of different heteroaryl halides with olefins is carried out in the absence of both the ligand and base to obtain the corresponding coupling products in good yields. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tedjamulia, Marvin L.; Stuart, John G.; Tominaga, Yoshinori, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1984, vol. 21, p. 1215 - 1219
作者:Tedjamulia, Marvin L.、Stuart, John G.、Tominaga, Yoshinori、Castle, Raymond N.、Lee, Milton L.