The process comprises the steps of: (A) reacting by contacting an anhydrous or substantially anhydrous 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline with formaldehyde in a molar ratio of at least about 1.5 moles of 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline per mole of formaldehyde, thereby forming 2-(.alpha.-hydroxymethylalkyl)-2-oxazoline, (B) recovering the 2-(.alpha.-hydroxymethylalkyl)-2-oxazoline from the reaction product of step (A), and (C) reacting by contacting the 2-(.alpha.-hydroxymethylalkyl)-2-oxazoline and step B with an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, thereby forming 2-alkenyl-2-oxazoline. As an example, step A was conducted by reacting 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (4 moles) having less than 1,000 ppm of water with paraformaldehyde (1 mole) at a reaction temperature of 100.degree. C. for approximately 5.5 hours. The excess oxazoline reactant was removed along with water as "overheads" by fractional distillation of the reaction product, leaving the 2-(.alpha.-hydroxymethylethyl)-2-oxazoline in approximately 96 percent yield. Step C was then conducted by continuously adding the 2-(.alpha.-hydroxymethylethyl)-2-oxazoline to a stirred solution of sodium hydroxide in the mono-methyl ether of triethylene glycol at a temperature of from 100.degree.-105.degree. C. Under these conditions, the 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline and water were volatilized and recovered from the overheads. The product yield was approximately 98 percent of theory.
该过程包括以下步骤:(A)通过将无
水或基本无
水的2-烷基-2-
噁唑烷与
甲醛以至少约1.5摩尔2-烷基-2-
噁唑烷/摩尔
甲醛的摩尔比反应,从而形成2-(α-羟甲基烷基)-2-
噁唑烷,(B)从步骤(A)的反应产物中回收2-(α-羟甲基烷基)-2-
噁唑烷,以及(C)通过将2-(α-羟甲基烷基)-2-
噁唑烷和步骤B与碱
金属或碱土
金属氢氧化物接触反应,从而形成2-烯基-2-
噁唑烷。例如,步骤A通过在反应温度为100°C左右,将
水含量小于1000 ppm的2-乙基-2-
噁唑烷(4摩尔)与多
聚甲醛(1摩尔)反应约5.5小时进行。通过分馏反应产物,去除过量的
噁唑烷反应物和
水,得到约96%收率的2-(α-羟甲基乙基)-2-
噁唑烷。然后,步骤C通过不断将2-(α-羟甲基乙基)-2-
噁唑烷连续加入
三乙二醇单
甲醚中的
氢氧化钠搅拌溶液中,在100°C-105°C的温度下进行。在这些条件下,2-异
丙烯基-2-
噁唑烷和
水被挥发并从顶部回收。产品产率约为理论产率的98%。