efficiency in modern organic synthesis. In particular, the high potential of biocatalysts still needs to be harvested. Based on an in-depth mechanistic investigation of a new organocatalytic protocol employing two catalysts 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO); benzoic acid (BzOH)}, a sequence was established providing starting materials for enzymatic refinement (ene reductase; alcohol dehydrogenase):
The present invention provides methods for the use of compounds having formula (I) in the treatment of various disorders including inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, and disorders involving malignancy or increased angiogenesis, wherein R
1
-R
11
, t, X, Y, Z, and n are as defined herein.