Intestinal absorption of fluorescence-derivatized cationic peptide 001-C8-NBD via adsorptive-mediated transcytosis
摘要:
The intestinal absorption of an intact oligopeptide was investigated in rats using a synthetic cationic peptide, 001-C8 (H-MeTyr-Arg-MeArg-D-Leu-NH(CH2)(8)NH2). The peptide was coupled with 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD) to prepare a fluorescence-labeled derivative 001-C8-NBD (H-MeTyr-Arg-MeArg-D-Leu-NH(CH2)(8)NH-NBD) for the purpose of quantification, The degradation half-life of 001-C8-NBD in jejunal homogenate (1 mg/mL) was 99.5 min, which was significantly longer than that of natural leucine enkephalin (1.14 min). The absorption of 001-C8-NBD was evaluated by the vascular-perfusion method. Intact 001-C8-NBD appeared in the blood time-dependently and the absorption volume at 30 min (2.75 +/- 0.14 mu L/cm intestine) was significantly larger than that of [H-3]PEG 900 (0.88 +/- 0.13 mu L/cm intestine), of which membrane permeability is very low. The absorption of 001-C8-NBD was greatly reduced by an adsorptive-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, protamine (10 mM). No inhibition of the absorption of [H-3]PEG 900 by protamine was observed. The intestinal absorption was also measured by an in vivo loop method. The absorption clearance of 001-C8-NBD measured by this method (0.083 +/- 0.008 mu L/min/cm intestine) was comparable to that obtained by the vascular perfusion method (0.092 +/- 0.005 mu L/min/cm intestine). All of these data suggested that 001-C8-NBD was absorbed as the intact oligopeptide in the intestine in vivo. Adsorptive-mediated transcytosis is suggested to have enormous potential as an oral delivery system for peptide and/or protein drugs. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Higher order iminodiacetic acid libraries for probing protein–protein interactions
作者:Dale L. Boger、Joel Goldberg、Weiqin Jiang、Wenying Chai、Pierre Ducray、Jae Kyoo Lee、Rachel S. Ozer、Carl-Magnus Andersson
DOI:10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00128-x
日期:1998.8
Full details of the preparation of iminodiacetic acid diamide dimer (2040 compounds), trimer (560 compounds), and tetramer (1596 compounds) libraries by multistep convergent solution-phase synthesis for studying protein-protein interactions are provided. The libraries were assembled in a format providing small 8-10 compound mixtures and the deconvolution of many of the small mixtures to identify screening leads by resynthesis of the individual components have been conducted for 320 of the individual compounds to date. A representative example of the subsequent exploration of the structure-activity relationships for an identified receptor binding antagonist (200 additional individual compounds) and steps taken for potential elaboration to a receptor dimerization agonist are defined with preparation of representative linked dimers (70 compounds). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
New Fluorescent Adenosine A<sub>1</sub>-Receptor Agonists That Allow Quantification of Ligand−Receptor Interactions in Microdomains of Single Living Cells
作者:Richard J. Middleton、Stephen J. Briddon、Yolande Cordeaux、Andrew S. Yates、Clare L. Dale、Michael W. George、Jillian. G. Baker、Stephen J. Hill、Barrie Kellam
DOI:10.1021/jm061279i
日期:2007.2.1
Fluorescence spectroscopy is becoming a valuable addition to the array of techniques available for scrutinizing ligand-receptor interactions in biological systems. In particular, scanning confocal microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) allow the noninvasive imaging and quantification of these interactions in single living cells. To address the emerging need for fluorescently labeled ligands to support these technologies, we have developed a series of red-emitting agonists for the human adenosine A(1)-receptor that, collectively, are N-6-aminoalkyl derivatives of adenosine or adenosine 5'-N-ethyl carboxamide. The agonists, which incorporate the commercially available fluorophore BODIPY [630/650], retain potent and efficacious agonist activity, as demonstrated by their ability to inhibit cAMP accumulation in chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human adenosine A(1)-receptor. Visualization and confirmation of ligand-receptor interactions at the cell membrane were accomplished using confocal microscopy, and their suitability for use in FCS was demonstrated by quantification of agonist binding in small areas of cell membrane.
Design and Synthesis of Peptides Passing through the Blood-Brain Barrier
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective membranous barrier regulating the transport of substances in blood into the brain parenchyma. At present, delivery of biologically active peptides or peptide drugs into the brain is quite an important subject from the standpoint of chemotherapy for brain diseases. H–MeTyr–Arg–MeArg–d-Leu–NH(CH2)8NH2 termed 001-C8 was first synthesized to elucidate the structural specificity of peptides for passing through the BBB. The Nα-methylamino acid and d-amino acid residues were appropriately situated in this peptide to protect against the digestion by peptidase. Furthermore, a number of basic peptides were prepared as 001-C8 analogs for studying the relationship between structure and BBB permeability of peptides.
The intestinal absorption of an intact oligopeptide was investigated in rats using a synthetic cationic peptide, 001-C8 (H-MeTyr-Arg-MeArg-D-Leu-NH(CH2)(8)NH2). The peptide was coupled with 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD) to prepare a fluorescence-labeled derivative 001-C8-NBD (H-MeTyr-Arg-MeArg-D-Leu-NH(CH2)(8)NH-NBD) for the purpose of quantification, The degradation half-life of 001-C8-NBD in jejunal homogenate (1 mg/mL) was 99.5 min, which was significantly longer than that of natural leucine enkephalin (1.14 min). The absorption of 001-C8-NBD was evaluated by the vascular-perfusion method. Intact 001-C8-NBD appeared in the blood time-dependently and the absorption volume at 30 min (2.75 +/- 0.14 mu L/cm intestine) was significantly larger than that of [H-3]PEG 900 (0.88 +/- 0.13 mu L/cm intestine), of which membrane permeability is very low. The absorption of 001-C8-NBD was greatly reduced by an adsorptive-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, protamine (10 mM). No inhibition of the absorption of [H-3]PEG 900 by protamine was observed. The intestinal absorption was also measured by an in vivo loop method. The absorption clearance of 001-C8-NBD measured by this method (0.083 +/- 0.008 mu L/min/cm intestine) was comparable to that obtained by the vascular perfusion method (0.092 +/- 0.005 mu L/min/cm intestine). All of these data suggested that 001-C8-NBD was absorbed as the intact oligopeptide in the intestine in vivo. Adsorptive-mediated transcytosis is suggested to have enormous potential as an oral delivery system for peptide and/or protein drugs. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.