Structure−Activity Relationships of Dimethindene Derivatives as New M2-Selective Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists
摘要:
A series of 2,3-disubstituted indenes, which are analogues of the widely used histamine H, receptor antagonist dimethindene, have been synthesized and studied as muscarinic and histamine receptor antagonists. The affinities of these compounds for the five human muscarinic receptor subtypes (M-1-M-5) and for human histamine H, receptors were determined in radioligand binding studies using membranes from transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and [H-3]N-methylscopolamine ([H-3]NMS). The results demonstrate that the diisopropyl analogue 19 has a similar high affinity as (S)-dimethindene at M-2 receptors ((S)-dimethindene: pK(i) = 7.52; (-)-19: pK(i) = 7.37) with an improved selectivity pattern ((S)-dimethindene: M-2/M-1 = 6-fold, M-2/M-3 = 5-fold, M-2/M-4 = 10-fold, M-2/M-5 = 25-fold; (-)-19: M-2/M-1 = 36-fold, M-2/M-3 = 96-fold, M-2/M-4 = 42-fold, M-2/M-5 = 275-fold). In addition, compound (-)-19 showed 35-fold lower affinity at histamine H-1 receptors (pK(i) = 5.61) than (S)-dimethindene (pK(i) = 7.16). Another interesting compound is the fluoroethyl derivative 20 (pK(i)/M-2 = 7.49), which also exhibits a higher M-2 selectivity (M-2/M-1 = 19-fold; M-2/M-3 = 22-fold; M-2/M-4 = 13-fold; M-2/ M-5 = 62-fold) than (S)-dimethindene. Unfortunately, compound 20 also shows a high affinity for histamine H-1 receptors (pK(i) = 8.14). The compound with the highest affinity for M-2 receptors (pK(i) = 7.91), the dimethylaminomethylene analogue 31, displayed only a small preference for M-2 receptors. In conclusion, compound (-)-19 might be useful to test the hypothesis that blockade of muscarinic M-2 receptors in the brain is a viable mechanism by which to produce improved cognition. This second-generation dimethindene analogue might also be the starting point for the development Of M-2-selective muscarinic antagonists useful for quantifying M-2 receptors in the central nervous system with positron emission tomography imaging.
Structure−Activity Relationships of Dimethindene Derivatives as New M2-Selective Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists
摘要:
A series of 2,3-disubstituted indenes, which are analogues of the widely used histamine H, receptor antagonist dimethindene, have been synthesized and studied as muscarinic and histamine receptor antagonists. The affinities of these compounds for the five human muscarinic receptor subtypes (M-1-M-5) and for human histamine H, receptors were determined in radioligand binding studies using membranes from transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and [H-3]N-methylscopolamine ([H-3]NMS). The results demonstrate that the diisopropyl analogue 19 has a similar high affinity as (S)-dimethindene at M-2 receptors ((S)-dimethindene: pK(i) = 7.52; (-)-19: pK(i) = 7.37) with an improved selectivity pattern ((S)-dimethindene: M-2/M-1 = 6-fold, M-2/M-3 = 5-fold, M-2/M-4 = 10-fold, M-2/M-5 = 25-fold; (-)-19: M-2/M-1 = 36-fold, M-2/M-3 = 96-fold, M-2/M-4 = 42-fold, M-2/M-5 = 275-fold). In addition, compound (-)-19 showed 35-fold lower affinity at histamine H-1 receptors (pK(i) = 5.61) than (S)-dimethindene (pK(i) = 7.16). Another interesting compound is the fluoroethyl derivative 20 (pK(i)/M-2 = 7.49), which also exhibits a higher M-2 selectivity (M-2/M-1 = 19-fold; M-2/M-3 = 22-fold; M-2/M-4 = 13-fold; M-2/ M-5 = 62-fold) than (S)-dimethindene. Unfortunately, compound 20 also shows a high affinity for histamine H-1 receptors (pK(i) = 8.14). The compound with the highest affinity for M-2 receptors (pK(i) = 7.91), the dimethylaminomethylene analogue 31, displayed only a small preference for M-2 receptors. In conclusion, compound (-)-19 might be useful to test the hypothesis that blockade of muscarinic M-2 receptors in the brain is a viable mechanism by which to produce improved cognition. This second-generation dimethindene analogue might also be the starting point for the development Of M-2-selective muscarinic antagonists useful for quantifying M-2 receptors in the central nervous system with positron emission tomography imaging.
The Friedel–Crafts-type intramolecular allylic alkylation of simple arenes is performed in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Mo(II) (CO)4Br2]2 (2.5 mol%). The moisture-tolerant protocol provided a mild and direct access to a large library of functionalized 4-vinyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes in high yields.
[EN] HETEROCYCLIC INHIBITORS OF ENPP1<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES D'ENPP1
申请人:VOLASTRA THERAPEUTICS INC
公开号:WO2021257614A1
公开(公告)日:2021-12-23
The present disclosure relates generally to inhibitors of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), compositions thereof, and methods of using said compounds and compositions thereof. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to triazolopyrimidine and imidazolopyrimidine inhibitors of ENPP1 and methods of their use for treating disease mediated by ENPP1.
Abstractmagnified imageThe silver‐catalyzed direct activation of allylic alcohols as electrophilic partners for intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation of arenes is described. Use of silver triflate (AgOTf; 10 mol%) enabled functionalized 1‐vinyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalenes and a 4‐vinyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline to be isolated in good yields with high levels of regiochemistry, under a ligand‐free regime.