Titanium-Catalyzed Hydrohydrazination of Carbodiimides
摘要:
Hydrazinediido complexes of the type [Cp*Ti-(NxylN)(NNR2)(L)] (R = Ph, Me; Ar, fluorene, L = (BuNH2)-Bu-t, Py; 3a-e) have been synthesized and used as catalysts for the hydrohydrazination of a series of carbodiimides, yielding aminoguanidines or fluoreneiminoguanidines. The highest yields were obtained for diarylhydrazines and fluorenone 5 hydrazone at temperatures between 80 and 105 degrees C. Stoichiometric reactions of hydraz inediido complexes with (PrNCNPr)-Pr-i-Pr-i led to an equilibrium with the resulting [2 + 2] cydoadducts 4a-f, which were characterized by H-1, C-13, and N-15 NMR spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction. The proposed mechanism, which is closely related to that previously established for the hydrohydrazination of alkynes and allenes, was found to be consistent with the results of a kinetic study. The dynamic structures of aminoguanidines and fluoreneiminoguanidines were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and the minimum configurations were foud to be stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Highly Efficient Aluminum-Catalyzed Hydro-amination/-hydrazination of Carbodiimides
作者:Jürgen Koller、Robert G. Bergman
DOI:10.1021/om100735q
日期:2010.11.22
The catalytic activity of commercially available [Al(NMe2)(3)](2) (1) and a dimethyl aluminum guanidinate complex toward the hydro-aminationi-hydrazination of carbodiimides was studied. The guanidinate-supported complex 2 was prepared via salt metathesis reactions of AlMe2Cl and an in situ generated lithium guanidinate reagent. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed the influence of the guanidinate ligand on the Al metal center. Hydroamination reactions were successfully carried out at room temperature with 2 as the catalyst, while 1 proved to be ineffective under these conditions. On the contrary, both 1 and 2 were active toward the hydro-hydrazination of carbodiimides, which were run at elevated temperatures (120 degrees C). Consequently, the reaction temperature had a significant influence on the choice of the catalyst since the catalytically active species can be generated from various precatalysts under different conditions. The formation of guanidines and aminoguanidines showed a high functional group tolerance and typically proceeded with excellent yields at low catalyst loadings. X-ray crystallographic studies of compound 4a revealed interesting structural features of the previously unknown aminoguanidine products. The independently isolated Al aminoguanidinate complex 5 showed catalytic activity toward hydro-hydrazination chemistry and provided valuable evidence in support of the proposed reaction mechanism.
Titanium-Catalyzed Hydrohydrazination of Carbodiimides
作者:Peter D. Schweizer、Hubert Wadepohl、Lutz H. Gade
DOI:10.1021/om400323p
日期:2013.7.8
Hydrazinediido complexes of the type [Cp*Ti-(NxylN)(NNR2)(L)] (R = Ph, Me; Ar, fluorene, L = (BuNH2)-Bu-t, Py; 3a-e) have been synthesized and used as catalysts for the hydrohydrazination of a series of carbodiimides, yielding aminoguanidines or fluoreneiminoguanidines. The highest yields were obtained for diarylhydrazines and fluorenone 5 hydrazone at temperatures between 80 and 105 degrees C. Stoichiometric reactions of hydraz inediido complexes with (PrNCNPr)-Pr-i-Pr-i led to an equilibrium with the resulting [2 + 2] cydoadducts 4a-f, which were characterized by H-1, C-13, and N-15 NMR spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction. The proposed mechanism, which is closely related to that previously established for the hydrohydrazination of alkynes and allenes, was found to be consistent with the results of a kinetic study. The dynamic structures of aminoguanidines and fluoreneiminoguanidines were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and the minimum configurations were foud to be stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding.