Provided is a method for producing a tetrafluoro nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound such as tetrafluoropyrrolidine in good yield and at low cost. The method comprises the steps of: (A) reacting a compound represented by the formula (I) with fluorine gas to produce a tetrafluoro compound represented by the formula (II),
(B) converting the tetrafluoro derivative represented by the formula (II) to a compound represented by the formula (III), and
(C) reacting the compound represented by the formula (III) with an amine compound represented by the formula NH
2
R
9
to produce a tetrafluoro nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound represented by the formula (IV) or salt thereof.
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylnitril-Polymerisaten in halogenierten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen
申请人:BAYER AG
公开号:EP0009748A1
公开(公告)日:1980-04-16
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyacrylnitril oder Acrylnitrilcopolymeren, wobei die Polymerisation bei Temperaturen von -40 bis +60°C, gegebenenfalls unter Druck, in einem aliphatischen chlorfluor- oder fluorsubstituierten Kohlenwasserstoff mit bis zu 8 C-Atomen und einem Siedepunkt zwischen -60 und +50°C oder in deren Gemischen mit Siedebereichen zwischen -60 und +50°C und unter Verwendung eines Startersystems aus einem Hydroperoxid, Schwefeldioxid und einer Säure durchgeführt wird. Das System kann ebenfalls aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe in solchen Mengen enthalten, daß kein entzündliches Gesamtgemenge gebildet wird.
Das Abführen von Wärmemengen aus exotherm verlaufenden Polymerisationsreaktion von Vinylmonomeren in heterogener Phase gelingt in eleganter Weise dadurch, daß man dem Reaktionsmedium zur Wärmeabführung und zur Regulierung der Reaktionstemperatur Flüssigkeiten zusetzt, die unter den Reaktionsbedingungen das Polymerisat nicht lösen un deren Siedetemperaturen unter den genutzten Polymerisationsbedingungen kleiner oder gleich den technisch vorgegebenen Umsetzungstemperaturen sind, und die im Reaktionssystem freiwerdende Wärme durch Verdampfen dieser Flüssigkeit abführt.
A microbubble preparation formed of a plurality of microbubbles comprising a first gas and a second gas surrounded by a membrane such as a surfactant, wherein the first gas and the second gas are present in a molar ratio of from about 1:100 to about 1000:1, and wherein the first gas has a vapor pressure of at least about (760 - x) mm Hg at 37 °C, where x is the vapor pressure of the second gas at 37 ° C, and wherein the vapor pressure of each of the first and second gases is greater than about 75 mm Hg at 37 °C; also disclosed are methods for preparing microbubble compositions, including compositions that rapidly shrink from a first average diameter to a second average diameter less than about 75 % of the first average diameter and are stabilized at the second average diameter; methods and kits for preparing microbubbles; and methods for using such microbubbles as contrast agents.
一种微气泡制剂,由多个微气泡组成,微气泡包括被表面活性剂等膜包围的第一气体和第二气体,其中第一气体和第二气体的摩尔比为约1:100至约1000:其中第一气体在 37 °C时的蒸气压至少为约 (760 - x) mm Hg,其中 x 为第二气体在 37 °C时的蒸气压,且第一和第二气体在 37 °C时的蒸气压均大于约 75 mm Hg;还公开了制备微气泡组合物的方法,包括从第一平均直径快速收缩到第二平均直径小于第一平均直径的约75%并稳定在第二平均直径的组合物;制备微气泡的方法和试剂盒;以及将这种微气泡用作造影剂的方法。
PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION OF FLUORINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
申请人:Mitsubishi Materials Corporation
公开号:EP2221292A1
公开(公告)日:2010-08-25
This process for producing fluorine-containing compounds includes liquid-phase fluorination by introducing a raw material compound and fluorine gas into a solvent to replace hydrogen atoms in the raw material compound with fluorine atoms. More specifically, the process for producing fluorine-containing compounds includes (1) promoting fluorination by dissolving the raw material compound in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid and introducing into a liquid-phase fluorination solvent, or (2) promoting fluorination by dissolving the raw material compound in a perfluoro compound having a plurality of polar groups in a molecule thereof and introducing into a liquid-phase fluorination solvent. According to these processes, a fluorination reaction can be carried out at high yield and without containing hardly any isomers while using a hydrocarbon compound as is for the raw material.