A concise methodology for the synthesis of (−)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and (−)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin metabolites and their regiospecifically deuterated analogs
作者:Spyros P. Nikas、Ganesh A. Thakur、Damon Parrish、Shakiru O. Alapafuja、Marilyn A. Huestis、Alexandros Makriyannis
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.006
日期:2007.8
The availability of tetrahydrocannabinols (Delta(9)-THC), tetrahydrocannabivarins (Delta(9)-THCV), and their metabolites in both their undeuterated and deuterated forms is critical for the analysis of biological and toxicological samples. We report here a concise methodology for the syntheses of (-)-Delta(9)-THC and (-)-Delta(9)-THCV metabolites in significantly improved overall yields using commercially available starting materials. Our approach allowed us to obtain the key intermediates (6aR,10aR)-9-nor-9-oxo-hexahydrocannabinols in four steps from (+)-(1R)-nopinone. This was followed by an optimized Shapiro reaction to give the (-)-11-nor-9-carboxy-metabolites, which were converted to their respective (-)-11-hydroxy analogs. The synthetic sequence involves a minimum number of steps, avoids undesirable oxidative conditions, and incorporates the costly deuterated resorcinols near the end of the synthetic sequence. This methodology enabled us to synthesize eight regiospecifically deuterated (-)-Delta(9)-THC and (-)-Delta(9)-THCV metabolites in a preparative scale and high optical purity without deuterium scrambling or loss. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.